Part I.] Ptjran Singh: Turpentine Oil and Indian Rosin. 79 
turpentine distillation is carried on, it was seen that the colour of 
colophony vanes according to the temperature prevailing in the 
still, becoming darker if distillation is carried on rapidly and con¬ 
sequently at high temperatures, and of lighter colour when other¬ 
wise. 
Some time ago a comparative examination was made of Indian, 
rosins obtained by the water distillation process at two different 
factories at Kalsi and at Bbowali and of a specimen of rosin pre¬ 
pared by the writer by distilling the crude resin from Bhowali with 
steam in his Laboratory, the results of which are tabulated below. 
It may be remarked, however, that as regards the colour of these 
samples the observations made in the table cannot be strictly accu¬ 
rate, because the quantity obtained in the Laboratory was some¬ 
what small for satisfactory comparison. 
— 
Colour. 
Ash. 
Loss at 
120° C. 
Loss at 
172° C. 
Acid. 
number. 
Saponi¬ 
fication 
No. 
Sp. gr. 
Colophony from steam 
distillation of Bho¬ 
wali resin. 
Light 
amber. 
Nil 
0-749% 
0-321% 
177-07 
197-12 
1-07 to 
1-08 
Colophony from Bho¬ 
wali. 
Darkish 
yellow. 
Nil 
0-406% 
0-650% 
175-27 
195*60 
Do. 
Colophony from Kalsi 
Do. 
Nil 
0-421% 
0-515% 
174-48 
194-38 
Do. 
Colophony as obtained from steam distillation appears to con¬ 
tain a greater amount of moisture and a smaller amount of other 
volatile matter than that obtained from Kalsi or Bhowali. This 
difference may be due in part to the small scale on which the Labo¬ 
ratory experiment was carried out. On the whole there seems to 
be very little difference between the quality of these rosins. 
Apart from steam and water distillation, the writer has devised 
a new process for the distillation of turpentine oil in India which 
does not necessarily involve the change of plant in use at present 
and is pre-eminently suitable for the distillation of Finns longifolia 
resin. In this process use is made of methylated spirits to reduce 
the temperature of Ihe still as well as the distillation temperature 
of the oil. It was seen that most of the oil could be distilled with¬ 
out having to raise the temperature of the still above 100° C. (For 
a detailed description of the process, see Part I of this Note.) The 
quality of rosin obtained by this method is superior in point of 
[ 79 ] 
