56 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 
EXPLANATION OP PLATE II. 
Fig. 5. Transverse section through the anterior part of the gizzard, 
showing four large folds:—&, bristles; ch, chitinous intima; ep, epi¬ 
thelium; ilm, inner longitudinal muscles; cm, circular muscles; elm, 
external longitudinal muscles; llm, branch of the external muscles; 
the peritoneal membrane is not shown, (x 150.) 
Fig. 6. Cross section through the posterior end of the pedunculus:— 
Lettering as in Figure 5. (x 150.) 
Fig. 7. Longitudinal section through the gizzard; the anterior part 
is invaginated into the crop (c), and the posterior portion is tele¬ 
scoped into the mid-intestine (md) :— Imc, external longitudinal 
muscles which pass over from the crop and attach to the chitinous 
intima of the gizzard; fc, folds of the crop; Z), bristles; ch, chitinous 
intima; nep, nucleus of epithelial cell; cm, circular muscles; ilm, in¬ 
ner longitudinal muscles; elm, external longitudinal muscles; tlm, 
branches of external longitudinal muscles—occasionally an entire 
muscle fiber penetrates the circular muscles and attaches to the 
chitinous intima; p, peritoneal membrane; Im md, longitudinal 
muscles which pass over from the mid-intestine and attach to the 
chitinous intima of the gizzard; fro, boundary between gizzard and 
mid-intestine; sm, striated intima of epithelial cells of mid-intestine; 
app, appendix; cct, connective tissue, (x 66.) 
Fig. 8. Part of a longitudinal section, showing cellular change be¬ 
tween mid-intestine and hind-intestine:—6o, boundary between mid¬ 
intestine and ileum; sm, striated intima of epithelial cells of mid¬ 
intestine; ep md, epithelial cells of mid-intestine; ep il, epithelial cells 
of ileum; ic, chitinous teeth, (x 633.) 
Fig. 9. Cross section of Malpighian tubule, showing numerous 
globules (gl) :— nep, nucleus of epithelial cell; sm, striated intima of 
epithelial cell; tm, basement membrane; np, nucleus of peritoneal 
membrane, (x 633.) 
