116 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 
hybrid group would be reduced to three—the verbal noun, the 
verbal adjective, and the verbal adverb—which three accord¬ 
ingly I have from now on specially in mind, intending not so 
much an exhaustive investigation, as a forecast of results ob¬ 
tainable by the extension of reasoning followed in previous pub¬ 
lications—reasoning available, I think, with all the hybrid 
parts of speech. 
THE SINGLE THINKING OF WHAT THEY EXPEESS. 
Single thinking of the idea which serves as factor in two 
thoughts has been sufficiently emphasized in previous publica¬ 
tions, to allow an exposition of its now to be considered phase 
by illustration only. Accordingly, “Astronomers declare (the) 
sun (to) exceed (the) moon.” 
This expression reveals what may be regarded as two 
thoughts, in the sense that thought—or the recognition of two 
ideas and a relation between them—is twice exhibited: once 
in what might take the form of the judgment expressed by (1) 
“Astronomers declare an exceeding,” and again in what might 
be developed into the judgment expressed by (2) “The sun ex¬ 
ceeds the moon.” 
That these two thoughts, however, in the form expressed by 
the illustration, are regarded as forming together a single larg¬ 
er thought, may be inferred from the fact that neither one, de¬ 
prived of the other, is sufficient. That is, neither what is ex¬ 
pressed by “Astronomers declare to exceed,” nor what is ex¬ 
pressed by “The sun to exceed the moon,” is worth expression. 
Indeed, if even a single element of that larger mental total be 
omitted, what remains is keenly felt to be incomplete, as may 
be shown by the experiment of omitting “astronomer,” “de¬ 
clare,” “sun,” “exceed” or “moon.” 
This unity of larger thought requires that any factor com¬ 
mon to the two constituent thoughts appear once only in the 
mind, for, were such factor thought not only once in one con¬ 
stituent, but also again in the other constituent, it would ipso 
facto, be two factors of the total thought instead of only one. 
]STow, factor-duplication of this sort affects the unity of thought 
