Owen—Hybrid Parts of Speech. 117 
precisely as factor-division, effecting the severance of total 
thought itself. 
To illustrate this, two chains, each terminally linked to the 
same ring, may rank as a catenary unit. But that unit will 
no longer be a unit, if the ring be cut in two, or if it be re¬ 
placed by separate rings, one for either chain. So also the sen¬ 
tence “He lies as he fell’ 7 expresses thoughts combined in a 
larger unit. But “He lies so. So he fell, 77 (in which the 
idea, say of posture, once called up by “as, 77 is twice called up 
by the twice employed “so 77 ) presents what ranks no longer now 
as a single thought, but obviously as two. 
Specially applying this principle of single thinking to the 
illustration “'Astronomers declare the sun to exceed the moon, 77 
I seem to see that the idea expressed by “exceed, 77 though fac¬ 
tor in one and another thought, appears but once before the 
mind. Indeed, I am prepared to find that verbal hybrids all 
of them express what is singly thought, although exhibited in 
two thought memberships. 
SINGLENESS VERSUS SO-CALLED IDENTITY. 
Under this title I wish to emphasize the difference between 
being identical , as the phrase is often loosely used, and being 
one. 
Let the exhibition of this difference be aided by the illustra¬ 
tion “I have seen Brown. Brown is going to Europe, 77 in which 
an opportunity is given for the claim that Brown of the first 
.and Brown of the second thought are identical. To this it is 
apparently the merest corollary, to add that these two Browns 
are one—that, accordingly, an element of the thought ex¬ 
pressed by “I have seen Brown, 77 is also an element of that 
expressed by “Brown is going to Europe. 77 —that, in other 
Words, the two thoughts interlock and thereby constitute one 
larger mental total, or say, an extended thought. 
Plainly, however, this conclusion is untrue; and a moment’s 
reflection shows that the error, in the reasoning which led to 
it, lies in the assumption that, because the Brown I thought of 
in saying “I have seen Brown 77 is identical with the Brown 
