118 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 
I thought of in saying “Brown is going to Europe,” the two- 
are therefore one. In a sense, indeed, the assumption is true, 
but not in a sense which has any application beyond the external 
universe of fact. Therein it is doubtless true that there is but 
a single Brown—that Brown, and Brown only, is the same as 
himself—that, conversely, whatever is the same as Brown is 
ipso facto Brown himself, one and inseparable. But in the 
internal universe of thought all this has not the slightest ap¬ 
plication; for mind deals not with Brown himself, but only 
with mental counterparts of Brown. 
In my illustration, two such mental counterparts of Brown 
appeared—one counterpart in each of two succeeding, self-suf¬ 
ficient, separate thoughts. In “Brown killed himself,” the ap¬ 
pearance of two counterparts occurs within the range of a single 
thought. It is true that only a single Brown is conceived as 
having external existence; and yet, upon the mental stage, two 
actors play their parts, each one of whom is Brown—the one 
the slayer, and the other his victim. In “Brown has sold his 
brother the horse bought by him (Brown) for himself during 
the visit he (Brown) made his (Brown’s) mother,” six mental 
pictures of the one externally existent Brown are in succession 
hung in view, each one remaining, till all are taken down as 
the exhibition closes. 
This gallery of individual portraiture is quite enough— 
without considering the further possibilities offered by your 
own or other minds, which duplicate that gallery—to show that 
singleness of an idea, so far as it only means the singleness of 
what the idea copies, is far from implying single occurrence in 
the thinker’s mind. 
THE DOUBLE THOUGHT-FACTORSHIP OF WHAT THEY EXPRESS. 
In the illustration, “Astronomers declare the sun to exceed 
the moon,” the recognition of two thoughts, combined indeed 
to form a larger total, (as suggested on page 116) entails the 
recognition of “excess” as factor in each one of them. Postpon¬ 
ing the question how much, in grammatical parlance, is the ob¬ 
ject of “declare,” I hold it obvious that the exceeding is at least 
