152 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 
la porte grande (ment) ouverte.” “Whom do men say that I 
am ?” 
Otherwise, my illustration offers one of those legionary cases 
in which a form of syntax eminently proper with a particular 
thought (expressible by “on account of my son who was ill”) 
has been employed with another thought (expressible by “on ac¬ 
count of the illness of my son”) with which it is improper— 
though not disastrously. That is, linguistic usage has followed 
its habit of taking an ell when given an inch. In other words, 
it may be said that mental and sentential syntax do not tally, 
the anatomy of the sentence being morbid—a phenomenon 
which I intend to examine in another publication. 
The word which thus participates in functions adjective and 
verbal, has been called a participle. In Grammar however this 
name is so frequently applied to forms in “ing,” for instance, 
without discriminating between their different central func¬ 
tions—sometimes adjective, but also often substantive—-that it 
is safer to discard the word in favor of the expression “verbal 
adjective,” taken in a sense so broad as to include all words 
which simultaneously serve as centrally adjective and laterally 
verbal. 
(8) Its expression by a verbal adverb . 
As an introductory illustration, suppose in the first place the 
judgments expressed by 
(■ a ) Catherine sang a song. 
(b) The singing was plaintive. 
Wishing to make of (a) the central element of a larger men¬ 
tal total, and of (b) the lateral element, I use the interlocking 
method, thinking the idea expressed by “sang” and “singing” 
only once, and obtaining what is expressed by “Catherine sang 
a song plaintive.” As however “plaintive” might be under¬ 
stood as belonging with “Catherine” or “song,” I avoid this 
possibility by using the ending “ly,” as sign that “plaintive” is 
to be construed as adjunct of the verb. Accordingly, “Cather¬ 
ine sang a song plaintively.” 
