162 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 
In 
(5) “I caused him to employ Italians/ 7 and 
(6) “I made him employ Italians/ 7 
it is even more certain than in (4) that “him” is in no rela¬ 
tion (other than that of part to part of one whole—see p. 159) 
with “caused 77 or “made. 77 For even the remoter relation sug¬ 
gested by “I caused for him 77 or “I made for him that he 
should employ Italians 77 is felt to he gratuitous. On the other 
hand, the more immediate relation suggested by “I caused him 77 
and “I made him 77 clashes with the fact that I didn’t and 
couldn’t do either, and can hardly he supposed to think I did. 
In 
(7) “I declared him to employ Italians,” 
I seem to reach a climax. Hot only I cannot, in any here 
available sense, declare a person, hut I have not even a satis¬ 
factory idea of what such declaration might he. I am accord¬ 
ingly very certain that what I soberly think of as declared is 
by no means “him.” Yet, like every one else, I blunder along 
the now well-beaten trail of perverted syntax, using “him” 
instead of “he,” as before. I seem to be haunted by a vague 
responsibility to the word “declared,” as appears to be clearly 
shown by the passive form “He was declared by me to employ 
Italians.” 
I am aware that, in this last expression, it may be urged 
with some appearance of justice, that “He” is rather subject 
in the infinitive phrase (“He to employ Italians”) than subject 
of “was declared.” But if such interpretation be accepted, it 
follows that the rule of accusative subject for the infinitive is 
so far from universal (passive usage being theoretically always 
available instead of active) as to be negligible in further investi¬ 
gation. 
Again, the defender of the accusative usage may argue that 
the properly accusative subject of the infinitive undergoes, in 
my passive illustration, an “undue influence” exerted by the 
principal verb (“was declared”) as happens also much more 
strikingly in 
“Faites-moi chercher, si quelqu’un vient me demander.” 
Faites-moi arriver au plus tot.” 
Faites-les-lui donner.” 
