176 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences,■ Arts and Letters. 
appeared at all. Allowing then for considerable difference of 
opinion, I presumably clash with none in saying that, at the mo¬ 
ment in which “to exceed” acquires a place in major syntax, 
fhe minor syntax is in the midst of its effectuation. Therefore 
•at that moment no whole infinitive phrase, no lateral thought 
collectively recognized, much less a blended whole, can operate 
as a constructional element, because none thus far is completed. 
Accordingly my several indications that the object of “de¬ 
clare” is either the infinitive or else the whole infinitive phrase, 
were quite • unwarranted. ~No infinitive phrase as yet being 
constituted, I am forced to reject the second alternative. Ac¬ 
cordingly I hold that—in grammatical parlance—only the infin¬ 
itive is immediate object of “declare”, that—in my own phrase¬ 
ology—only a single nucleary element of lateral thought (in 
the present case the mid-term) operates as a term (in the pres¬ 
ent case the last term) of central thought. 
In further support of the preferred interpretation it may be argued 
that it is favored by pre-established linguistic habit. To illustrate 
the special force of this, suppose that at a sleep-disturbing cat I throw 
a boot-jack, and that, providentially guided, the missile takes a course 
that would land it exactly half-way between the offender’s eyes. The 
well-worn question arises now, which way the cat will jump. Exclud¬ 
ing every momentary influence except the boot-jack, which may rank 
as neutral, I presuppose that on several preceding similar occasions 
the cat has been thus threatened on the right. I imagine that any 
psychologist would overwhelm me with reasons why, in the present 
case, the cat will jump to the left. So too I doubt not he would con¬ 
vince me that, for lateral thought expressed by the infinitive phrase 
employed in illustration, a particular mode of union with central 
thought will be elected, other circumstances being equal, provided that 
mode have become habitual, before the development of the infinitive 
phrase. I do not mean by this to indicate that the infinitive form was 
late in development, but only that such thought as the infinitive in 
well-developed speech expresses—namely, the mere conception, as 
distinguished from the judgment—could not have been so soon 
linguistically expressed, as was the judgment. For obviously what one 
is prepared to express as believed to be true, is a vastly more effective 
stimulus to speech, than what one merely thinks of without belief. To 
illustrate, let language proper be supposed to begin when, instructed 
by the observed effect produced on others by his purely reflex cry, the 
individual utters the cry with the conscious purpose of producing the 
effect. This beginning will plainly rather occur when I, for instance, 
sense myself as actually surrounded by wolves, than when I merely 
imagine such a status; and what I intend to communicate will surely 
