202 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 
THE VERBAL ADVERBS. 
These, as their name suggests, are operative centrally as 
adverbs, and only laterally as verbs. To exhibit this, if pos¬ 
sible, more clearly than was done on pages 152-156, I offer 
a type of thinking rather possible than actual or even plausible. 
Approaching this by easy stages, suppose I hear from the street 
a noise of the sort that commonly attends a misunderstanding 
between a dog and a cat. I may say 
“That is a sound like-the-sound-of-fighting 77 or, more briefly, 
“That is a fighting sound 77 or, less conventionally, 
“That sounds fightingly. 77 
Having settled on the thought-form indicated by the last, 
severely strained expression, if now I wish to bring in dogs as 
actors, and cats as actees, I must associate them with fighting, 
already used adverbially, but now required to act as also verb 
to subject “dogs, 77 and object “cats. 77 To indicate this mental 
operation, I form the diagram 
dogs 
That sounds fightingly 
cats. 
The sporadic verbal adverbs have, so far as I remember, no 
inflection, except the sign of adverbial use in syntax, and may 
be Regarded as important only to completeness of view. 
SECONDARY HYBRIDS. 
As the merest hint of linguistic possibilities, I offer the case 
of what might rank as a verbal noun, performing further and 
more central service as an adjective. Approaching this case 
also by small advances, I note that in 
“Men to eat their dinner 77 
the act of eating, for all that is indicated, is purely verbal. 
That is, “to eat 77 expresses an action-formed relation between 
“men 77 and “their dinner , 77 and does not serve in any other in¬ 
dicated function. But, in 
“Men’s eating of their dinner , 77 
relation-expression may be held to be divided between the 
apostrophe s (expressing the relation of owner to property, 
