Overton—On the Boot Tips of Podophyllum Peltatum. 281 
studies of Salamandra and Allium that the anaphasic chromo¬ 
somes of Podophyllum consist of two lots of secondarily split 
chromosomes. Dehorne’s conception has been criticized by Gre- 
goire (’12). 
Sharp (’13) explains in detail how the various appearances 
above described may be brought about by the decolorizing of sec¬ 
tions, but holds that in Yicia no evidence is found for the real 
vacuolation of the chromosomes during anaphase. 
Telophases 
Gregoire (’06) reports that the daughter chromosomes of Allium 
become massed into a “tassement polaire”, which is quite dense 
and from which the extremities of the chromosomes emerge. As 
before mentioned, I have never found in normally fixed prepara¬ 
tions the chromosomes so densely massed at the poles of the spindle 
as has been described for some other forms. Figure 4 represents 
a cell, fixed in Flemming’s strong solution, which much resembles 
the condition described by Gregoire and which corresponds to his 
figure 1 for Allium cepa. In the cell represented by figure 4 the 
chromosomes are densely crowded. That the cell is much shrunken 
is evidenced by the vacuolar condition of the cytoplasm and by the 
large space between the plasma membrane and the cell wall, which 
is not here represented. The normal condition of the cytoplasm 
is better shown in figures 1, 8, 11, 20, and 25. In figures 5, 6, 
and 7, which are drawn from thin sections, the telophasic chromo¬ 
somes can be seen to be entirely separated from one another ex¬ 
cept laterally at certain points, their apparent connection being 
due perhaps to their increased size. 
I have been unable to observe the lateral anastomoses between 
the telophasic chromosomes at this stage, either in the form of 
pseudopodia as described by Boveri (’04), and similarly by Gates 
(’12), Lundegard (’12 b), and von Schustow (’13), or as portions 
formed by adhesion of the telophasic chromosomes as held by 
Gregoire and his students. Beer (’13) finds that in the preme- 
iotic divisions of Equisetum the substance of the telophasic chro¬ 
mosomes becomes distributed along numerous fine branches and 
anastomosic connections which develop between them. He finds 
no internal vacuolation of the chromosomes. 
In my opinion the polar tassement , in which the chromosomes 
are closely massed, is due entirely to the action of the fixing fluids. 
