298 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
until telophase is reached. Sharp (’13), although finding an ir¬ 
regular anaphasic differentiation, holds that it does not represent 
a true vacuolation as seen in the telophases. Gregoire and Wy- 
gaerts (’03) show that vacuolation is evident as early as the meta¬ 
phase. There seems to be no evidence to support the view of 
anaphasic splitting as described by Granier and Boule (’ll). 
The structure of the telophasic chromosomes as described by 
Bonnevie (’08), due to a disappearance of the achromatic sub¬ 
stance of these chromosomes and the inner appearance of a fine 
spiral thread, finds no support in my observations on Podophyllum 
and is discussed by von Schustow (’13) who holds that the con¬ 
traction of the chromosomes at this stage is so marked as not to 
permit of a study of their internal organization, although he 
maintains that in cross section the chromosomes are polygonal as 
in the anaphases, which latter view also my results do not sup¬ 
port. Sharp (T3) holds that the figures of Bonnevie (’08-T1) 
and of Dehorne (’ll) are apparently schematizations of the oc¬ 
casional spiral aspect of the alveolar bands. 
As already stated, I find no evidence from my studies on Podo¬ 
phyllum to support the view held by Fraser and Snell (’12) and 
Miss Digby (TO, T4, T9), and supported in principle by Lunde- 
gard (’12c) and von Schustow (T3), that the anaphasic or telo¬ 
phasic split described by them in somatic nuclei persists during 
the reconstruction stages, the period of rest, and the prophases, 
until the component halves are separated at metaphase. I agree 
with Sharp’s (’20 a) criticism of Miss Digby’s statement that 
workers on mitosis are in general agreement that the constitution 
of the chromosomes is one of duality which persists throughout the 
cycles of dissolution and reconstruction. I can find no evidence 
in Podophyllum that the early prophasic reticulum possesses any 
such duality or that it passes directly into the double spirem. 
In certain cells, especially those fixed in Flemming’s fluids, as 
shown in figures 22 to 25, aspects are presented which might be 
interpreted as indicating a persistent duality of the chromosome 
elements. Although there is such an apparent duality, I can not 
place any significance on such appearances, for reasons stated in 
the description of my observations. 
During the polar tassement and at the time when the nuclear 
vacuole begins to appear, Gregoire and Wygaerts (’03) believe 
that anastomoses are formed between the chromosomes of the 
telophase. The exact origin and nature of these anastomoses they 
