Overton—On the Boot Tips of Podophyllum Peltatum. 299 
are unable to explain. They hold that they are the natural con¬ 
sequence of the close association and arrangement of the chromo¬ 
somes of the telophase at the poles. Lagerberg (’09), who finds 
no true alveolar structure of the chromosomes of Adoxa until after 
the nuclear membrane is formed, describes anastomoses between 
the undistributed chromosomes. Nemec (’10) holds, in common 
with Bonnevie (’08), that there are lateral anastomoses between 
the chromosomes but that these anastomoses are not entirely due 
to the sticking together of the chromosomes of the telophase. Ac¬ 
cording to de Vries’ interpretation of Stomps’ (’10) results, and 
as later described by Stomps (’ll) himself, the lateral anastomoses 
are only appearances due to the presence of walls of numerous 
small swelling vacuoles, which lie between the chromosomes of 
the telophase. Digby (’10) holds that the lateral anastomoses are 
present in all stages of nuclear division, even during the period 
of rest. The absence of a true polar tassement and a consequent 
absence of anastomoses has been described by Vejdovsky (’07) for 
the chromosomes of certain animals. As described by Reuter 
(09), the chromosomes of Pediculopsis graminum, which pass to 
the poles of the spindle as distinct achromatic karyomeres, show 
no traces of lateral anastomoses. Von Schustow (’13) holds that 
no cross anastomoses exist during the telophases in Allium and 
that these anastomoses arise later by an active dislocation of the 
chromatic substance, not, as Gregoire (’06) and Sharp (’13) hold, 
by the marginal portions of the telophasic chromosomes, which are 
at first always in contact, adhering to one another as the chromo¬ 
somes separate. Von Schustow’s view as to the origin of the anas¬ 
tomoses is somewhat similar to that of Boveri (’04), who holds 
that the anastomoses are put out like pseudopodia from the chro¬ 
mosomes, a similar view being also held by Gates (’12) and Lun- 
degard (’12c), while Strasburger (’05), Dehorne (’ll), and 
Muller (’12) all believe that the anastomoses may arise by both 
methods. Bonnevie (’08) describes the chromosomes of the telo¬ 
phases in Allium, which at first lie close together at the poles, as 
separating so that anastomoses are formed between the chromatic 
spirals. Stomps (’10, ’ll), studying the mechanism of division, 
finds the chromosomes of Spinacia at first closely massed at the 
poles, but soon separating by the swelling of numerous small 
vacuoles which lie between them. The walls of the vacuoles, as 
De Vries (’10) describes them, may be seen in the “shape of fine 
lines of linin, giving the image of threads stretching from one 
