300 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
chromosome to another”. Fraser and Snell (’ll) describe the 
telophasic chromosomes of Yicia as becoming attached laterally 
to one another. Beer (’12, ’13) holds that the chromosomes of 
Crepis and Eq' isetum at the poles are joined by fine cross anas¬ 
tomoses. Sakamura (’14) holds that lateral anastomoses of the 
telophasic chromosomes of Yicia play no part in their transfor¬ 
mation into a reticulum. 
As stated, in my opinion the polar tassement, in which the 
chromosomes are closely massed, is due entirely to fixation, as is 
the appearance of cross anastomoses. I have been unable to ob¬ 
serve in Podophyllum lateral anastomoses between telophasic 
chromosomes, either in the form of pseudopodia or as marginal 
adhesions, in material which I regard as well fixed. In this re¬ 
spect my observations on Podophyllum agree with those of von 
Schustow (’13) on Allium. 
I have already emphasized the fact that I have found very 
few stages in the study of Podophyllum which might lead to the 
interpretation that the chromosomes of the telophase undergo a 
longitudinal splitting by means of median vacuolation or other¬ 
wise. When the telophasic stages, which apparently show such 
splitting, are studied more in detail, as has been done by Sharp 
(’13) in Yicia and as I have done for Podophyllum (illustrated 
in figs. 22 and 22a), it will be seen that the appearance of such 
a longitudinal split is only apparent and not real. 
As pointed out by Lundegard (’12c), and as held by von 
Schustow (’13) and Sharp (’13), certain nuclei, especially those 
of the meristematic region, do not proceed as far in their telo¬ 
phasic transformations as do others. My results upon Podophyl¬ 
lum agree with these observations that the nuclei of the meriste¬ 
matic region show less chromatic distribution than those in older 
regions of the root tip. The interpretation of nuclear transfor¬ 
mation as described by Gregoire has been confirmed in more or 
less detail by Kowalski (’04), Berghs (’04-’05), Mano (’04), 
Lee (T2), De Smet (’13), and Sharp (T3, 205) and is supported 
in principle by Haecker (’04), the Schreiners (’06), Lagerberg 
(’09), Yamanouchi (’10), Nichols (TO), Stomps (TO, ’ll), 
Lundegard (’10a, ’12c), Nemec (TO), Miss Digby (TO, T9), 
Fraser and Snell (’ll), von Schustow (T3), Sakamura (T4), 
and others. 
The investigations of Mano (’04) on the root tips of Solanum 
tuberosum and Phaseolus vulgaris , the nuclei of which have short 
