Gilbert—Cytological Studies of Lower Basidiomycetes 393 
8. Anastomoses are numerous in the developing fruiting body 
and probably give rise to binueleate cells. Other cells un¬ 
doubtedly become binueleate due to the division of the single 
nucleus without consequent cell division. 
9. All cells directly beneath the hymenial layer are binueleate. 
10. It has not been possible to count the chromosomes in hy- 
phal nuclei. 
11. The young basidia are not to be distinguished from the 
paraphyses. 
12. The nuclei of the young basidium fuse as the basidium be¬ 
gins to increase in size. 
13. There is no distinct resting stage after fusion. 
14. The synapsis stage shows the chromatin elements to be 
double. 
15. A dense, dark-staining body is always present on the nu¬ 
clear membrane during late synapsis. This is believed to give 
rise to the centrosomes. 
16. Four chromosomes are found as the typical number pass¬ 
ing to each pole. The first division is heterotypic. 
17. Two sterigmata are formed each bearing a single uninu- 
cleated spore. 
18. The two remaining nuclei within the basidium soon degen¬ 
erate. 
Bibliography 
1. Baum, E. Ueber Zelltheilung in Pilzhyphen. Inaug. Diss. Basel, 
1900. 
2. Beauverie, M. J. lotude cytologique sur le Merulius lacrymans. 
Rev. Gen. Bot. 21: 449-469. 1909. 
3. Bensaude, M. Sur la sexualite chez les Champignons Basidio¬ 
mycetes. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sci. Paris 165: 286. 1917. 
4. ——. Recherches sur le cycle evolutif et la sexualite ches les 
Basidiomycetes. These. Paris, 1918. 
5. Brefeld, O. Botanische Untersuchungen iiber Schimmelpilze. 
Heft 3, Basidiomyceten I. Leipzig, 1877. 
