THE LOUISVILLE LIMESTONES. 
141 
In the State of Ohio, Dr. Newberry recognizes the following: 
Hamilton shale. 
Hamilton limestone. 
f Sandusky limestone. 
Corniferous group. \ Delhi bed. 
[ Columbus limestone. 
In 1847, Messrs. Yandell and Shumard published the following table of 
formations at the Falls of the Ohio, as determined by Dr. Clapp of New 
Albany: 
Upper limestone. 
Subcrystalline limestone,.8 feet. 
Water limestone,.12 feet, =20 feet. 
Shell limestone. 
f Subcrystalline limestone, with many characteristic shells 
i and trilobites, and a few corals,.16 feet. 
Coralline limestone. < 
\ 
Upper Coralline, to Catenipora [beds], composed mostly of 
corals, and destitute of shells ... 20 feet. 
Lower Coralline—corals mostly different from 
those above, and very few shells; the upper 
part alone visible on the Falls, 20 feet, = 40 feet. 
They also describe these several beds, giving certain fossils in each as deter¬ 
mined by them. They recognize the lower beds as equivalent to the Niagara 
group of New York, and cite several species of fossils as identical with the 
New York forms. The beds above, with their fossil contents, are treated in 
some detail, and the waterlime is described as resting on the Pentremital 
stratum, bearing Pentremites ( = Olivanites = Nucleocrims) Verneuili. The water- 
lime is represented as covered by a siliceous bed containing Chonetes, 
Loxonema, “a small Orthoceratite,” etc., and immediately above this comes a 
beds below, but neither of them, apparently, co-extensive with these lower members of the series. The 
characteristic fossils of the Corniferous or Onondaga limestones do not occur in either of these higher 
members. It is true, that the extent and value of these beds have not been determined ; but they represent 
the deposits and the fauna of a changed condition of the ocean bed supervening the coral-growing period, 
and are entitled to recognition in any critical subdivision of the series. 
