P'TEROPODA. 
205 
CONULARIA, Miller. 
The genus Conularia was founded by Miller (Manuscript Catalogue ) in 1818 for 
the species C. quadrisulcata, figured by Ure, in the History of Rutherglen and Kilbride. 
The name was adopted by James Sowerby in the third volume of the Mineral 
Conchology, page 107, 1821, and figures of C. quadrisulcata (figs. 3-6), and C. 
Teres (figs. 1 and 2*), were given on Tab. CCLX. The accompanying generic 
description is as follows: 
“ A conical, hollow, univalved shell, divided by imperforate septa. Mouth 
half closed.” 
Before any careful study of the American forms of this genus had been 
made they were usually referred to Conularia quadrisulcata , and no species was 
described from our strata, so far as I know, until 1841. 
In 1840 Prof. Troost, in his Fifth Annual Report on the Geology of Tennessee 
(page 53), recognizes the Conularia Sowerbyi “ in the mountain limestone near 
Nashville.” 
In 1841 Mr. Conrad recognized the Conularia quadrisulcata as occurring in the 
middle series of his geological subdivisions {Fifth Ann. Rep. Pal. State of N. Y.). 
In the same report he describes Conularia undulata , from the Cazenovia shales 
(= Hamilton group), and C. laqueata, from the Niagara group. 
In 1846 Prof. E. Emmons described Conularia Verneuilia ( Amer. Quart. Journ. 
Agricult, and Science, vol. 4, p. 330): also, 1860 {Manual of Geology, page 159, 
fig. 7, 7a). This species is apparently identical with C. subcarbonaria, Meek 
and Worthen. 
In 1847 James Hall described Conularia Trentonensis, C. granulata , C. gracilis, 
and C. papillata, from the Trenton limestone {Palaeontology of New York, vol. 1, 
pp. 222-224, pi. 59). 
In 1852 the same author described Conularia Niagarensis and C. longa, from 
the Niagara group {Palaeontology of New York, vol. 2, pp. 294, 295, pi. 65). 
* This form, as has been dearly shown by M. Barrande, is not a Conularia, but probably a fragment of 
a Cyrtoceras. 
