MAGNETIC OXIDE OF IRON. 
17 
and sixty-seven feet, and its width five hundred and fourteen feet. According to Dr. Emmons, 
if we merely estimate the amount of ore at the depth of two feet from the surface, we shall 
find it to be 6,832,734 tons, a large proportion of which may be raised without the use of 
powder. This entire deposit is said to be free from iron pyrites, and from all substances 
known to exert an injurious influence on iron. The associated minerals are hypersthene, 
labradorite, hornblende and common feldspar.* 
In a specimen of this ore which I examined, I found 92.15 per cent of magnetic oxide of 
iron, and the remainder earthy matters, principally silica. 
There are outcrops of ore, similar in character to that just described, at the distance of a 
mile and a half, and on the opposite side of the lake, in the direction of Hill’s island. Dr. 
Emmons supposes these to be prolongations of the Sandford vein, and if so, its whole length 
is two and a half miles. 
In the immediate vicinity of the present works is a deposit of magnetic oxide of iron, which 
has been called the vein of coarse grained black ore, from the colour and coarsely granular 
texture of the ore. The grains are larger than those of the Sandford ore. The extent of 
the vein has not been accurately determined, but it has been traced in the direction of its 
strike 3168 feet, while its width has been ascertained to be more than 700 feet. Hypersthene, 
labradorite, serpentine in small masses, and occasionally iron pyrites, are found associated 
with this ore; the iron obtained from which is remarkable for its toughness and ductility.! 
In addition to the preceding, there is in this immediate vicinity a vein of fine grained ore, 
more or less mixed with iron pyrites. This vein has been traced 7742 feet, and is about 70 
feet in width. There are also veins of less extent near the village of McIntyre. One is on 
the west side of Lake Henderson, about three quarters of a mile from the works. It is a 
fine grained ore, and is thought to be worthy of exploration. There is another on the west 
side of Lake Sandford, which is quite extensive; and still another on the east side of the 
Sandford hill, which is supposed to be a continuation of the vein of the same name. Its extent 
is not known. 
There are one or two apparently important deposits of magnetic oxide of iron in the vicinity 
of Brant lake. 
Clinton County. This county is peculiarly rich in localities of the magnetic oxide of 
iron. Among these, the most extraordinary is that which is known by the name of the Arnold 
Bed; the ore from which has long enjoyed a high reputation, that analysis shows to be well 
deserved. Indeed, I think it may be safely asserted, that it is one of the purest and best ores 
that is now known. 
The Arnold Mine is situated in a mountain of gneiss, about three miles northwest of Clin- 
tonville. It has been traced nearly three quarters of a mile, in a direction varying but little 
from north and south. There are three parallel veins which constitute the mine, and the ore 
* Emmons. New-York Geological Reports, 1840. 
t See the experiments of Prof. Walter R. Johnson, quoted by Dr. Emmons. Neiu-York Geological Reports, 1840. 
Part I. 3 
