TITANIUM AND ITS ORES. 
55 
TABLE 
Showing the composition of various specimens of Wad, from the State of New-York. 
I. 
II. 
III. 
IV. 
V. 
VI. 
YU. 
Peroxide of manganese,. 
68.50 
58.50 
50.50 
53.00 
33.40 
11.45 
26.66 | 
Peroxide of iron,. 
Earthy matters, (silica and alumina,) 
16.75 
22.00 
24.50 
32.15 
34.10 
28.20 
6.00 l 
3.25 
2.50 
4.50 
6.90 
8.75 
44.75 
57.50 J 
Water,.... 
Copper,... 
11.50 
17.00 
20.50 
6.85 
traces. 
24.00 
15.60 
( and loss, fl 
l 9.83 j: 
No. I. — Specimen from the farm of Mr. Joseph Goodsell, two miles northwest of Hillsdale, Columbia county. Earthy, 
friable, of a blackish brown colour. 
No. II. — From the farm of Mr. H. W. Gott, two miles west of Austerlitz, Columbia county. External characters similar 
to those of the preceding. 
No. III. — From the farm of Mr. David Parsons, three quarters of a mile south of Canaan Centre, Columbia county. Exter¬ 
nal characters similar to the former. The specific gravity of this and the two preceding is not above 3. 
No. IV. — From Sing-Sing in Westchester' county Colour bluish or brownish black; compact. Specific gravity 4.33. 
Found only in small masses in dolomite. 
No. V. — Found near Keeseville, Essex county. Occurs in rounded masses about the size of a pea, brownish black in the 
centre, earthy, friable. It contains a large proportion of water and oxide of iron. 
No. VI.-—From Tug hill, Lewis county. Colour jet black or brownish black ; earthy, friable. This specimen was very 
impure, but I cannot doubt that there are others possessing a larger proportion of the oxide of manganese. 
No. VII. — Four miles southeast of Warwick in Orange county. Specimen compact, and highly siliceous ; colour black. 
TITANIUM AND ITS ORES. 
The metal titanium was discovered in 1791, but its. properties were not satisfactorily de¬ 
termined until the year 1822, when Dr. Wollaston found it in a slag at the bottom of a large 
smelting furnace in Wales. It has since been found at several other iron works in Great 
Britain. Dr. Emmons obtained this metal from the hearth stone of an iron furnace in St. 
Lawrence county, and I have detected it also in the slag of the Greenwood furnace in Orange 
county. It usually occurs in the form of cubic crystals, which in colour and lustre resemble 
burnished copper. In my specimen there is also associated with the metal a coating of a 
beautiful purple colour, which may be the oxide of titanium, supposed to exist only in the rare 
mineral called anatase. 
There is another oxide of titanium, now more correctly termed titanic acid, which exists in 
variable proportions in several of the ores of iron, and from the decomposition of which, during 
the smelting of these ores, the metallic titanium is obtained. This substance closely resembles 
