0 
SDLPHUR SPRINGS. 145 
Like the preceding spring, it contains a portion of carbonic acid, which holds the carbonate 
of lime in solution. In the vicinity of each of them are to be found leaves, twigs and pieces 
of wood, covered with a whitish incrustation, which on examination proves to be free sulphur, 
together with sulphate and carbonate of lime. 
The waters just described are highly esteemed in many cases of disease ; and their location 
is so eligible, that I do not doubt, that when they are better known, they will be much resorted 
to. And here it may be remarked, that the village of Chittenango is, on several accounts, a 
point of considerable interest. In addition to the sulphuretted and petrifying springs found in 
the immediate vicinity, there are valuable beds of gypsum, extensive deposits of excellent 
water limestone, and of grey limestone, the last of which is one of the most beautiful and 
durable building materials. 
Onondaga County. The sulphureous springs of Onondaga county are more numerous 
than those of Madison, or at least a greater number have already been made known. 
About a mile from Manlius Square are three springs very near to each other, all of which 
are feebly charged with sulphuretted hydrogen. They have also a slightly saline taste, and 
have acquired some reputation in the vicinity. 
Two miles east of Manlius Centre is a lake or pond, known by the name of Lake Sodom 
or Green Pond. This pond is about a mile and a half in length, and half a mile in breadth 
at the widest part. The water is of a deep green colour, which is probably owing to the par¬ 
tial decomposition of the sulphuretted hydrogen which it holds in solution. The depth of the 
water gradually increases, as we proceed from the northern outlet, from twenty-five, to a hun¬ 
dred and sixty-eight feet; the latter depth continuing for some distance around what is pro¬ 
bably the centre of the basin. Water drawn from the depth of one hundred and sixty-eight 
feet, was found to be strongly charged with sulphuretted hydrogen. On being afterwards 
tested, it blackened nitrate of silver powerfully, and gave copious precipitates with solutions 
of oxalate of ammonia.and muriate of barytes, indicating the presence of sulphuretted hydro¬ 
gen and sulphate of lime. Its specific gravity was scarcely above that of distilled water, and 
it contained not even a trace of oxide of iron. 
Thus we have here a natural sulphur bath, of a mile and a half in length, half a mile in 
width, and one hundred and sixty-eight feet in depth ; a fact which exhibits, in a most striking 
manner, the extent and power of the agency concerned in the evolution of this gas. 
Sulphuretted hydrogen gas is evolved in great quantities in the immediate vicinity of the 
salt springs at Salina and Syracuse. On the grounds of Mr. E. F. Wallace of Syracuse, 
there rises out of the earth in the bed of a small ravine, water strongly charged with this gas, 
and containing also some carbonic acid, together with a large proportion of saline matters. 
This spring is situated about forty rods from the Syracuse brine well. Its water is perfectly 
transparent, blackens salts of lead, but has scarcely more than a trace of oxide of iron. Its 
specific gravity is 1.01426. The composition in one pint is as follows : 
Part I. 
19 
