148 
ECONOMICAL MINERALOGY. 
hundred feet in depth, which was commenced by the Messrs. Longmuir, in the hope of ob¬ 
taining a supply of pure water for their brewery in the immediate vicinity. One of the pro¬ 
prietors informed me that the evolution of sulphuretted hydrogen was first observed at the 
depth of fifty feet below the surface, which would be within the strata of calciferous slate. 
The temperature of Longmuir’s spring is usually 52° F. The water, when heated to about 
100°, deposits sulphur and carbonate of lime. The specific gravity is 1.00407. One pint 
of this water contains 
Carbonates of lime and magnesia, with a trace of oxide of iron, 1.48 grains. 
Chloride of sodium, ..... 6.52 “ 
Sulphate of soda,... 6.99 “ 
14.99 grs. 
Gaseous contents, sulphuretted hydrogen, 2.16 cubic inches, 
with a small quantity of carbonic acid. 
To show how abundantly sulphuretted hydrogen is evolved in this district, it is only neces¬ 
sary to notice the Caledonia springs in the town of Wheatland, where a large volume of water 
gushes out of the earth, forming a stream nearly one quarter of the size of the Genesee river 
at 'Rochester, the whole being slightly impregnated with this gas. 
Livingston County. Some of the most interesting and valuable sulphur springs which 
this State possesses, are found in this county. Those situated near the village of West-Avon, 
are particularly deserving of notice. Three springs have already been discovered here ; and 
as their chemical composition does not materially differ, it is probable that they exert similar 
effects on the animal economy. 
The first spring is called the Avon New Bath Spring, and was discovered by the present 
proprietor in 1835. Its depth is about thirty-six feet; and the formation through which the 
water rises, is the calciferous slate, similar to that found at Rochester. The temperature of 
this spring is about 50° F.; the specific gravity of the water, 1.00356. 
One pint of water from the Avon New Spring contains 
Carbonate of lime,. 3.37 grains. 
Sulphate of lime,. 0.44 “ 
Sulphate of magnesia,. 1.01 “ 
Sulphate of soda,. 4.84 “ 
Chloride of sodium,. 0.71 “ 
10.37 grains. 
Sulphuretted hydrogen, 3.91 cubic inches. 
The Middle Spring is situated about thirty rods east of the former. Its temperature is 51° 
F. The following, according to Prof. Hadley, is the composition of a pint of this water : 
