328 
DESCRIPTIVE MINERALOGY. 
ceeds from the disintegration of masses of iron ore, the grains being afterwards washed down 
by rains. But a serious objection to the adoption of this as a general theory is, that these 
sands often contain substances which are not usually found in these beds of iron ore ; as, for 
example, garnet, and crystallized titaniferous iron ore. 
Mr. Mather has suggested that this garnet sand might be advantageously used as a substi¬ 
tute for emery. It could be easily separated from the particles of iron ore by the magnet. 
Warren County. Garnet will probably be hereafter found abundantly in this county. At 
present, however, only one locality is known to me, which is on Lake George, about eight 
miles from Ticonderoga, where it is associated with tourmaline. 
Westchester County. Garnet, in trapezoidal crystals, often much rounded and usually 
of some tint of red, is found in the gneiss and granite at West-Farms and New-Rochelle, and 
in hornblende bowlders at Davenport’s neck. On the Croton aqueduct, near the village of 
Yonkers, rounded crystals, apparently trapezoidal, are abundant in the black mica and gneiss. 
They are of a rose red and dark red colour, and are usually from a quarter to half an inch in 
diameter. 
In the same vicinity, there has been found in the gneiss a beautiful massive variety, which 
is often transparent, and varies in colour from rose to blood-red with a tint of blue. It com¬ 
pares favorably with any of the foreign specimens of almandine and pyropc, and when cut 
and polished, forms a beautiful gem. The cross fractures, however, are so numerous that it 
is difficult to obtain large pieces which answer the purposes of the lapidary. 
A single irregular crystalline mass of this mineral was found by Dr. Horton and myself, of 
about eighteen inches in diameter, and weighing fifty or sixty pounds. Near the surface of 
the mass, the mineral was less pure, and was arranged in plates or layers, with a little quartz 
and mica interposed between them. 
In Massachusetts, geodes of garnet, of a cinnamon-brown colour, are found accompanied 
by scapolite in white limeslone at Carlisle, and at Boxborourgh; and crystals of a dull red 
colour are found in the mica slate, in Chesterfield. 
In Connnecticut., trapezoidal crystals of a fine red colour are found at Haddam, where they 
are associated with chrysoberyl, automalite and columbite ; while in Monroe, Washington and 
several of the neighbouring towns, reddish brown crystals are found in the mica slate. 
In New-Jersey, at Franklin furnace, melanite in fine crystals is found in limestone. 
In New-IIampshire, the most perfect and beautiful crystals that have yet been found in the 
United States, occur at Franconia. Fine specimens are also obtained at Hanover in the same 
State. 
