'366 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
which again consists of two sub-members. Thus “a equals b” 
may be regarded as consisting of a subject “a” and a predicate 
"“equals b”, itself composed of two> sub-members., a verb and its 
object. The subject and the predicate may further be distinctly 
recognized as co-members of a unit. This co-membership or 
mutual belonging is, in the traditions of Logic and Grammar, 
strongly emphasized—augmented, it may be, by an idea of 
existence—and its symbol, whether found in an “is” or conceived 
to be embodied in “equals”, is called a copula. 
This analysis., always possible, is 
(cii) not always plausible. 
In “Brown struck me”, I may indeed regard the “striking 
me” as something to be thought of in connection with Brown. 
But I may also, and much more naturally, regard “Brown’s 
striking” as something to be thought of in connection with 
myself. 
The analysis noted is 
(b) sometimes unavailable. 
In “Here is the book which you lost,” to use grammatical par¬ 
lance, “you” is subject of the relative clause, and “lost which” 
the predicate. But the structure indicated by this analysis, has 
no value for the speaker’s purpose. The aim of the relative 
clause is to confine your thinking to a particular book. I invite 
you, therefore, to think of “book,” in connection with “your 
losing.” I do not invite you to think of “book-losing” in con¬ 
nection with yourself. The relative clause must accordingly 
be analyzed into “which” and “you lost,” to make it available 
for my restrictive purpose. (Siee “A Revision of the Pronoun” 
Chap. IY-III-& full face.) 
The analysis noted is 
(c) often not made. 
If you ask me to state the size of A in terms, of B, I naturally 
answer that “A—is—equal to B”. You asked for a predicate; 
and there you have it! But if you ask for the bulk-relation 
between A and B, I answer “A equals B”. In this statement I 
do not intend “equals Bi” a.s a predicate of “A”. If a predicate 
must be found, I should look for it in “equals” only, regarding 
A and Bi together, not perhaps exactly as a subject, but as that 
with which the predicate is associated. 
