0wen—Interrogative Thought—Mearn of Its Expression. 375 
Of other elements that may he added to that thought, I should 
maintain that, however useful they may he, they still do not suc¬ 
ceed in making 1 thought more truly thought, than it was without 
them. These accordingly I rank as unessential under the title 
Associate thought-elements. 
Stich elements may he found nbt only in “Barge oranges exceed 
small lemons”, hut also- in, the expression “Orange exceeded 
lemon”. In this, besides the naming of a particular bulk-rela¬ 
tion, “exceeded” plainly symbolizes an idea otherwise expressible 
by “in the past.” I find moreover that, antagonistically to the 
passive voice, “exceeded” names the relation of superior to 
inferior and not the relation of inferior to superior. “Orange” 
too, and “lemon”, may exhibit ideas of number and of sex—the 
latter degraded, it may be, into gender. But such ideas of time, 
voice, gender and number occur in all expressions that I shall 
examine. Being then by no means peculiar to particular ex- 
pressional types, they do not aid the differentiation of these types 
from one another. So I discard them from all thought to be 
discussed, and do so with especial satisfaction, since every added 
detail aggravates the difficulty of investigation. 
Associate of thought versus associate of idea. 
By suggesting in this title that an adjunct may bear upon a 
total thought, I break completely with traditions commonly 
accepted. I have been taught to believe that, once the skeleton 
of a thought to be formed is established in the mind—a skeleton 
consisting, at the most, of three parts only—any addition thereto 
must be an addition to a single one of those parts. I am how¬ 
ever forced, with doubtless many others (e. g. Paul and Sweet), 
to believe that some ideas are added to the whole of the skeleton 
at once. 
The nature of these ideas, and the argument in favor of their 
annexation to the total thought, I take up later. Meantime, to 
change my figure, let it be enough to note that my attention has 
been, up to date, confined to trowsers, coat and cap—the garment, 
each, of part only of my body. I must now extend my mental 
vision to my cloak, with which I may invest my body all at 
once. 
