Marshall and Severin—Anatomy of Ranantra fusca. 501 
XXXVI, Fig. 27). There are two pairs near the center of the 
body (figured by Dufour (2) ) both arising on the chitinous plate 
which partially separates the pro- from the meso-thorax. One 
pair has a dorsal, the other a ventral origin, and from them ten¬ 
dons run forward to be inserted at the base of the head. They 
are used in lifting and lowering the head. At each side of the 
prothorax are two other muscles arising from two> chitinous pro¬ 
tuberances at the posterior end of the pro thorax. E,ach muscle 
has a tendon running through it, they being inserted at the base 
of the first pair of legs. They are used in extending and flex¬ 
ing the front legs. 
Zoological Laboratory ; 
University of Wisconsin , 
Madison, February, 190 
