180 'Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
to their warmer epilimnion, as is shown elsewhere by a com¬ 
parison of Cayuga lake and Wiirm-See. 
There are also some very large budgets in the European se¬ 
ries. Seven of them from five lakes exceed 40,000 cal., while 
only one American budget exceeds this sum, and that but slight¬ 
ly. In the paper on the Finger lakes (Birge and Juday, ? 14 
p. 565) reasons were given for believing that the budget of 
Skaneateles lake exceeded 45,000 cal. in 1912, and no doubt this 
figure is reached and exceeded by other lakes, and a series cov¬ 
ering a greater number of years would contain such budgets. 
It is plain that budgets close to 50,000 cal. may be expected 
occasionally in both continents, but this seems to be near the 
possible maximum. In case of budgets that reach or exceed this 
figure, the data on which they are based should be very carefully 
scrutinized. 
2. The range of the European budgets is much greater than. 
that of the American. This might be expected, since the 
European lakes are more numerous than the American, they ard 
distributed over a much wider area, and they lie in very differ¬ 
ent topographic and climatic situations. On the other hand, it 
is to be noted (a) that Green lake lies about 1000 km. west of 
the New York lakes and yet closely agrees with them; (b) that 
the variations in European lakes seem measurably independent 
of situation—so far as concerns single lakes—and (c) that 
single European lakes may show variations that cover nearly the 
whole range of the series. Lago di Como, with eleven budgets, 
has a range from 17,000 cal. to nearly 42,000 cal. and appears in 
five of the six classes of Table 3. Lake Geneva, with six bud¬ 
gets, appears in five classes and ranges from 22,000 cal. to nearly 
46,000 cal. Zuger See, with four budgets, appears in four 
classes and ranges from 18,000 cal. to 44,000 cal. Certain lakes, 
like Traun-See, Mjosen, and perhaps lac du Bourget, have one 
budget much exceeding the others. Reasons are given elsewhere 
for believing that the great apparent size of Mjosen’s budget of 
1901 is at least partially deceptive; and very possibly a longer 
series of budgets would show a considerable range of variation 
in the other lakes, and fill in the gap between the small budgets 
and the large one. This is true of lac du Bourget, but not of 
