280 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
The top of the mountain is 4,000 ft. above sea level so that this 
is probably the third highest mountain on the island, and the 
fourth highest in the archipelago, the mountains at Banks Bay, 
Iguana Cove, and the one on Narborough Island exceeding it in 
height. There is an immense crater at the top which is about 
four miles long and three broad as nearly as could be estimated. 
The inner walls of the crater are nearly perpendicular in places. 
The floor forms a broad flat plain, possibly 500 ft. below the rim, 
which is covered with volcanic ashes, and beds of basaltic lava, 
and cinders. There is a somewhat smaller crater inside the 
larger one. 
The tufa hills in the vicinity of the cove are covered with a 
sparse growth of low bushes the most common species of which 
are: Acacia macracantha, Croton Scouleri var. Macraei, Euphor¬ 
bia diffusa, Lipochaeta laricifolia, and Waltheria reticulata. 
There are also a few low trees of Bursera graveolens with 
rounded crowns, and a considerable amount of Opuntia insularis. 
There are many places where the ground is nearly bare of vege¬ 
tation, and although we visited here in March at the end of the 
rainy season, the prospect was far from inviting. Several 
grasses occur in these open areas among which are: Aristida sub- 
spicata, Anthephora hemaphordita, Bouteloua pilosa, Cenchrus 
granularius, and other herbaceous plants. 
With the exception of an occasional specimen of Cereus sclero- 
carpus the lava beds around the base of the mountain are bare of 
vegetation except in protected places where a few grasses and 
other small plants occasionally appear. On the fiat area south 
of the lava beds, which is covered with tufaceous soil, the vege¬ 
tation is thicker than it is on the tufa hills but is made up largely 
of the same species with the addition of a few others. Bushes 
and small trees are common here especially along the edges of 
the lava beds where they often grow to a larger size and occur in 
greater numbers than elsewhere. A few ferns are to be found 
in protected places in this region. 
The tufa deposits above the base of the mountain are covered 
to a considerable elevation with forms which are practically the 
same as those on the plain below, except that the arrangement is 
somewhat different, there being many open areas which are cov¬ 
ered with grasses and other herbaceous plants. The canyons 
here often have a heavy growth of Croton and Gossypium bushes 
which grow much taller than they do in the more exposed places 
