Stewart—Botanical Conditions on the Galapagos Islands. 327 
so overgrown with vegetation in this region, it probably would 
have been impossible for us to have found it unless the trail had 
led directly to it. 
The botanical regions are fairly well marked here. The dry 
region seems to extend to about 450 ft. and the transition region 
to about 700 ft. elevation. The moist region seems to be evenly 
forested and has none of the open areas covered w T ith bushes and 
vines, such as was found at Academy Bay on the south side of 
island. 
James Island. 
James, the fourth largest island in the group, is located nine 
miles northeast of Cowley Bay, Albemarle Island, and twelve 
mile north by west of Indefatigable Island. The general shape 
of the island is a parallelogram the length of which is about 
twenty miles, and extends east and west. With the exception of 
a few sand beaches, the shores are rocky and are bordered in 
most places by low cliffs of lava. The eastern part of the island 
is low, and slopes up gradually to a broad central plateau which 
extends, with a gentle slope, to the base of the main crater, lo¬ 
cated towards the west end of the island. This crater has an ele¬ 
vation of 2,850 ft., and can be more easily reached from James 
Bay than from any other point. Many other craters occur on 
the island, but with one or two exceptions, they are all small. 
There are a number of these in the vicinity of Sullivan Bay, and 
along the south side. Deposits of basaltic lava, and volcanic 
cinders, cover the greater part of the island, the most of which is 
quite old, and has become very much oxidized. In many places 
in the interior, it has become entirely broken down on the sur¬ 
faces, into soil, which is mixed with quite a large amount of 
vegetable mold. There are, however, some very recent deposits 
of lava on the south side, some of which have recently come from 
a small crater which has been active within the last few years. 
Deposits of tufa occur on the west side, but they are very local 
in their distribution. 
Northeast Side. 
This side of the island was visited about six miles northwest 
of Sullivan Bay. There is a small salt-water lagoon here, appar¬ 
ently the only one on the island. The shores are low and rocky 
