332 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts , and Letters. 
crater with steep sides, which rises to a height of 1,200 ft. The 
sides of the mountain are covered with dry-region forms and ap¬ 
parently there is but little change in the character of the vege¬ 
tation from the bottom to the top. The appearance of the moun¬ 
tain was so uninviting that the top was not visited. The interior 
of one of the smaller tufa craters in the vicinity of the Sugar- 
loaf was visited, however, and a few halophytic plants, and trees 
of Hippomane Mancinella were found growing around the salt 
water lake in its interior. 
The sides of the mountain east of James Bay are covered with 
forests, which to an elevation of 1,000 ft. are composed largely 
of trees of Acacia tortuosa, Bursera graveolens, Erythrina velu- 
tina, and a few trees of Hippomane Mancinella. The under¬ 
growth is usually rather open in this region and is made up 
mostly of bushes of, Castela galapageia, Cordia lutea, Croton 
Scouleri var. brevifolius, Telanthera eehinocephala, Tourne- 
fortia strigosa, and Waltheria reticulata forma intermedia. 
Occasional trees of Scalesia pedunculata begin to appear 
around an elevation of 1,000 ft., but they become larger and 
more abundant higher up. Ferns are found abundantly above 
1,300 ft. elevation such species as Doryopteris pedata, Polypo¬ 
dium lepidopteris, P. pectinatum, and P. squamatum being the 
most common. Such epiphytes as Peperomia galapagensis, and 
Tillandsia insularis are also found. The undergrowth, which is 
made up largely of Tournefortia strigosa, becomes thicker than 
lower down. 
The rolling plateau, which extends from 1,400 ft. to the base 
of the main crater at 2,200 ft. elevation, is covered with forests 
of Pisonia floribunda, Psidium galapageium, Scalesia peduncu¬ 
lata, and Zanthoxylum Fagara. The Scalesia trees are the most 
abundant in this region, and form true Scalesia forests, as on 
some of the other larger and higher islands of the group. The 
trees of Psidium galapageium are smaller than at similar eleva¬ 
tions on other islands where this species occurs. Bushes of 
Tournefortia strigosa continue into this region and such other 
bushes as Brachistus pubescens, Croton Scouleri var. grandifo- 
lius, Erigeron tenuifolius var. tomentosus, Phytolacca octandra, 
Psychotria rufipes, Tournefortia rufo-sericea, and Urera alceae- 
folia are commonly found, especially towards the upper part of 
this region. There are many open areas, in the deeper valleys 
between the hills and craters, which are covered with a heavy 
