400 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 
STRUCTURE OF THE PLANTS IN THE GROUP 
The photographs of Pholiota dura in pis. XI-XIII AB show 
the structure of the plants in the Pholiota praecox-dura 
group. I will point out several of the characteristic features. 
a. The white floccose universal veil or primordial cuticle 
as Fayod calls it which covered the young carpophore dis¬ 
appears early from the pileus and stem leaving only a few 
small patches around the margin of the pileus and scattered 
over the stem, PI. XI A. 
b. The part of this covering usually called the partial 
veil which lies between the stem and the gills and covers 
the gill chambers in the young plant is well developed and 
more persistent. The expansion of the pileus strips it upward 
from the surface of the stem and its under surface appears as 
in PI. XII B. At this stage it is attached to the apex of the 
stem and the margin of the pileus but its upper surface has 
torn from the edges of the gills and sagged down leaving an 
annular gill cavity as seen in pi. XII A. As the pileus con¬ 
tinues to expand the veil is ruptured. The break usually 
takes place near the margin of the pileus leaving an annulus 
on the stem, pi. XI A, XIV A, etc. Sometimes the veil is 
torn from the stem leaving the fragments hanging from the 
margin of the pileus, pi. XIII C. The tear is often irregular 
leaving the stem annulate and the margin of the pileus more 
or less appendiculate. 
c. The partial veil in Pholiota dura is stripped off to the 
apex of the stem and there is very little superannular elonga¬ 
tion of the stem so that the gills remain horizontal and the 
annulus is close to the apex of the stem as seen in pi. XII D. 
Other forms in the group show more superannular elongation 
of the stem, as shown in pi. XIV, but the veil is not often rup¬ 
tured above the annulus and the ridges on the upper surface 
of the annulus are continuous from the annulus to the base of 
the gills as in pi. XII C, XIV C, etc. 
d. The edges of the gills are at first attached to the upper 
surface of the partial veil and leave grooves in the veil when 
they are torn away. These grooves and the ridges between 
them are shown in pi. XI A, XII C, etc. In cases of retarded 
expansion of the pileus the spores ripen and fall on these 
ridges before the rupturing of the veil as shown in pi. XII G. 
