26 
D.J. Kitchener, L.H. Schmitt, P. Strano, A. Wheeler, A. Suyanto 
Table 8 Mean and range, in mm, and sample size of baculum: greatest length, basal height and basal breadth, for 
Rhinolophus simplex subspecies and R. megaphyllus. 
Greatest Length 
Basal Height 
Basal Breadth 
N 
R. s. simplex 
3.00 (2.67-3.48) 
0.85 (0.67-0.99) 
0.84 (0.60-0.95) 
11 
R. s. parvus 
2.98 (2.48-3.32) 
0.77 (0.76-0.94) 
0.78 (0.63-0.97) 
3 
R. s. amiri subsp. nov. 
2.66 (2.64-2.68) 
0.74 (0.67-0.85) 
0.74 (0.67-0.83) 
4 
R. megaphyllus 
2.70 (2.68-2.72) 
0.82 (0.82-0.82) 
0.83 (0.78-0.88) 
2 
amiri), are tentative. Clearly these four forms differ 
from R. megaphyllus ignifer in general size, aspects 
of the basicranium and shape of basal part of 
baculum and for parvus and amiri also in the shape 
of the rostrum. Some independent support for this 
decision comes from an electrophoretic study 
incorporating liver tissue from specimens used in 
this paper, which shows that Queensland R. 
megaphyllus differs at 17 percent of their 
electrophoretic loci, including 4 fixed differences, 
from R. simplex (T. Reardon pers. comm.) 
However, for a complete appraisal of the 
relationship of these forms with R. megaphyllus it 
would be necessary to compare them in detail with 
R. m. megaphyllus and the smaller forms (R. m. 
vandeuseni) from the islands off northeast New 
Guinea. These smaller forms of R. megaphyllus, 
which appear to be connected to R. megaphyllus 
ignifer by intermediates (Koopman 1982), are 
approximately the same size as R. s. simplex (see 
Koopman 1982). 
The taxonomic status of the Maluku form R. 
annectens (Wetar I.) is indeterminate. This form is 
known only from the holotype which we were 
unable to examine. However, this holotype was 
examined by J.E. Hill (pers. comm.) who stated 
that it is a smashed skull, which on size could be 
parvus, or close to it. 
Prior to our study, Rhinolophus simplex was 
reported only from Lombok, Sumbawa and 
Komodo islands, (as R. s. simplex ); Kai (as R. s. 
keyensis) and Timor (as R. celebensis parvus). We 
have recorded it additionally from Bali, Nusa 
Penida, Moyo, Sangeang, Rinca, Flores, Lembata, 
Alor, Sumba, Savu, Roti and Semau. Frequently on 
these islands it was collected from tunnels built by 
the Japanese during tire Second World War. It was 
often the only species present in such tunnels. 
The occurrence of morphological variation 
among Rhinolophus simplex from some of the 
Gondwanic islands of the outer Banda Arc (Sumba, 
Savu, Roti, Semau, Timor and Kai Kecil) reflects 
similar variation in the microchiropterans 
Hipposideros sumbae and Taphozous achates that have 
been examined from this region (Kitchener and 
Maryanto 1993; Kitchener et al. 1993). The presence 
on Semau of R. s. amiri, a population separated by 
a narrow water gap of only about three kilometres 
from R. s. parvus on Timor, suggests reduced gene 
flow is probably operating between these two pop¬ 
ulations to maintain these morphological distinc¬ 
tions. 
SPECIMENS EXAMINED 
Rhinolophus borneensis importunus 
INDONESIA 
Java I: Kiskenda, 7°6'S, 110°16'E, WAM (M39310- 
13, M39319-21, M39328, M39354-5, M39361-2, 
M39367, M39380) (1(M, 42). 
Rhinolophus megaphyllus ignifer 
AUSTRALIA 
Queensland: Mcllwraith Range, 13°47'S, 142°15'E, 
WAM M29972 (Id); Iron Range, 11°37'S, 142°55'E, 
WAM M29977-86, (6dd, 42 2); ChiUagoe, 17°9'S, 
144°31'E, WAM M29973 (12); Yarramulla Lava 
Tunnels, 18°13'30"S, 144°40'30"E, WAM M29974-6 
(32 2). 
Rhinolophus simplex amiri subsp. nov (paratypes) 
INDONESIA 
Savu I: Desa Menia, 10°29'S, 121°55'E, WAM 
(M35113, M35117-8, M35120-25, M35127, M35129, 
M35132-8, M35222, 35260-2) (8d d, 15 2 2). 
Roti I: Baa, 10°44'S, 123°6'E, WAM (M35351-2, 
M35370-4, M35376-8, M35380, M35389, M35391-3 
(7dd, 82 2); Sanggoen, 10°43'S, 123°9'E, WAM 
M35422-3 (2d d). 
Semau I: Uiasa, 10°10'S, 123°28'E, WAM 
(M35599, M35604, M35606 (Id, 22 2); Onansila, 
10°13'S, 123°30'E, WAM M38014 (Id). 
Rhinolophus simplex parvus 
INDONESIA 
Timor I: Baumata, 10°11'S, 123°43'E, WAM 
(M30059, M30096-7, M30123, M30125-6, M30128- 
40, M30145-7, M30150-2, M30155-7, WAM 30160- 
2, M30172) (5dd, 272 2); Panite, 9°50'S, 124°29'E, 
WAM (M34896, M34897-9, M34960, M34962, 
M34969-72, M35009) (2d d, 10 2 2). 
Rhinolophus simplex simplex 
INDONESIA 
Bali I.: Candi Kuning, 8°7'S, 115°9'E, WAM 38441 
