Taxonomy of Rhinolophus simplex 
17 
Figure 6 Plot of lower tooth row length, I,M 3 , versus cochlea breadth, CW, for Rhinolophus simplex subspecies, R. 
megaphyllus (□) and R. borneensis importunus. Other taxon symbols as for Figure 1. 
length (Figure 8). 
It is approximately the same size as R. s. keyensis. 
For example: greatest skull length 17.66 (16.75- 
18.45) v. 17.63 (17.50-17.25), zygomatic width 8.73 
(8.05-9.15) v. 8.78 (8.65-8.90) and forearm length 
41.9 (39.0-44.9) v. 41.4 (41.4-41.5)]. It differs from 
keyensis in having a smaller sella, with vertical sella 
height absolutely shorter 3.9 (3.2-4.3) v. 4.5 (4.5- 
4.5) and vertical sella breadth averaging narrower 
2.0 (1.7-2.4) v. 2.4 (2.1-2.7). 
Description 
Skull and dentition 
Rhinolophus s. simplex is larger than R. s. parvus 
and R. s. subsp. nov. (Table 1). Specimens show 
some variation in overall size and shape, but most 
of this variation may be found in a single 
population, for example, Moyo I. This can be 
appreciated by the wide distribution of the values 
for Moyo I. for the functions 1 and 2 scores from 
the DFA within the R. s. simplex cluster (Figure 4a). 
This is also true for those characters that were not 
quantified such as the size and shape of the 
anterior rostral swellings and the juxtaposition of 
the upper and lower vestigial premolar with the 
other premolars. 
The junction of the supraorbital ridges is usually 
behind the mid-point of the orbital cavity but 
occasionally it is anterior to that point. The median 
anterior rostral swellings also vary considerably is 
size and extent of inflation in relation to the 
supraorbital length (Figure 9); some individuals, 
from throughout the range of R. s. simplex 
approximate the large size and inflation of the two 
individuals of R. s. keyensis from the eastern Kai 
Kecil I. The Size and extent of crowding of the 
vestigial upper and lower premolar was extremely 
variable. Usually the anterior upper premolar was 
in contact with the canine but its contact with the 
posterior premolar was extremely variable. The 
lower vestigial premolar varied from being located 
almost in the tooth row between the anterior and 
posterior premolar, sometimes not in solid contact 
with these adjacent premolars, to being totally 
extruded such that the anterior and posterior 
premolars are in contact. 
The anterior basisphenoid has a marked 
depression or pit which is much lower than the 
surface of the basioccipital. This is quite different 
from the shape of this region in R. megaphyllus 
igriifer where the basioccipital surface runs 
smoothly into a shallow basisphenoid groove. 
The posterior palate margin terminates at M 2 mid 
