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D.J. Kitchener, W.C. Packer, Maharadatunkamsi 
Table 3 Canonical variate function coefficients from DFA between three groups of P. lombocensis (Lombok, Alor, and 
Flores-Lembata-Pantar) based on five characters (see text). Standardised values, followed by (in brackets) 
unstandardised values. 
CHARACTER 
FUNCTION 1 
FUNCTION 2 
C,M, 
0.8254 ( 1.7860) 
-0.1482 (-0.3207) 
M’B 
0.4364 ( 4.0404) 
-0.6423 (-5.9471) 
C'M 2 
0.2916 ( 0.8321) 
1.0210 (2.9131) 
RL 
-0.4357 (-0.7906) 
-0.9400 (-1.7058) 
D4M 
-0.1074 (-0.0393) 
0.7278 ( 0.2661) 
CONSTANT 
-51.1681 
-30.9264 
Variance explained (%) 
87.9 
12.1 
Diagnosis 
Averages larger than Pteropus lombocensis heudei 
for all characters except mesopterygoid fossa 
breadth, digit 3 phalanx 2 length and ear length 
(see Table 1). CjM 3 is larger relative to width 
outside C'C 1 (Figure 4). The colour of the collar at 
the neck, base of head, throat and upper chest is a 
darker Cinnamon - Cinnamon Rufous compared 
to Cream Color to Buff Yellow. 
Description 
See Andersen (1912: 266-9) for a detailed 
description of pelage, skull, dentary, teeth and 
palatal ridges. 
Distribution 
Lombok and Sumbawa Islands. 
Remarks 
The juvenile and subadult specimens from 
Sumbawa Island have pelage colour and teeth 
dimensions similar to the adult specimens from 
Lombok Island. They are referred to P. /. 
lombocensis. 
Pteropus lombocensis heudei Matschie, 1899 
Pteropus heudei Matschie, 1899: 32. 
Pteropus tricolor Heude, 1896: 177, footnote, pi. v. 
fig. 7 (teeth) (preoccupied). 
Pteropus solitarius K. Andersen, 1908: 367. 
Holotype 
Andersen (1912: 269) states that "type 
presumably in the Zi-ka-wei Museum, near 
Shanghai". 
Type locality 
Flores Island, Nusa Tenggara. 
Specimens examined 
Flores Island (all adults) 
Desa Ratulodong, 8°11'S, 122°52'E, 13 19, WAM 
M(32563, 32568). 
Lembata Island 
Desa Belang Watokob, 8°26’S, 123°22'E, 13 5 9 9, 
WAM M(32152, 32154, 32178, 32211-2, 32455); 
Desa Boto, 8°31'S, 123°23'E, 13 19, WAM M32453- 
4. 
Pantar Island 
Desa Batu Bakalang, 8°14'S, 124°18'E, 4 , WAM 
M37757-60. 
Alor Island 
Kota Kalabahi, 8°14'S, 124°32'E, 13 3 9, WAM 
M37637-40; Desa Apui, 8°15'S, 124°43'E, 13, WAM 
M37996. 
Diagnosis 
Pteropus lombocensis heudei differs from P. 1. 
lombocensis as described in the earlier diagnosis of 
that subspecies. 
Description 
See Andersen (1912: 269-71, Fig. 13) for a 
detailed description of pelage, skull, dentary and 
teeth (figured for P. solitarius) and palatal ridges. 
Distribution 
Flores, Lembata, Pantar and Alor Islands. 
GENERAL DISCUSSION 
Pteropus lombocensis is restricted to the volcanic 
islands of the inner Banda Arc, from Lombok 
Island in the west to Alor Island in the east. In this 
region it coexists with both the very large Pteropus 
vampyrus Linnaeus, 1758 (which occurs on Lombok 
Island and Sumbawa [Hill in Corbet and Hill 1992), 
Moyo, Flores and Kisar Islands [unpublished 
records]) and the large Pteropus alecto alecto 
Temminck, 1837 (which occurs on Lombok Island 
[Hill in Corbet and Hill 1992] and Rinca Island 
[unpublished records]). 
In other parts of Nusa Tenggara, P. lombocensis is 
replaced by the similarly sized, and probably 
ecologically vicarious, Pteropus griseus griseus 
Geoffroy, 1810 and Pteropus alecto morio Andersen, 
