Systematic review of Nyctimene cephalotes and N. albiventer 
131 
Function 2 
Figure 3 Canonical variate analysis on three groupings 
of islands, (i), Aru, Halmahera and Papua 
New Guinea; (ii) Kai Besar, Kai Kecil, 
Yamdena, and Selaru; and (iii) Seram, 
Ambon, Buru and Sulawesi: Banda Neira 
was ungrouped. The DFA plots of functions 
1 and 2 were based on a selection of the same 
five characters as in Figure 2, with males and 
females combined. Symbols are as for Figure 
2 . 
Table 4 Canonical variate function coefficients from 
DFA between the population of Nyctimene 
cephalotes aplini from Sulawesi and the 
combined populations of N. c. cephalotes from 
Seram, Ambon and Buru. Standardised 
values, followed by (in brackets) 
unstandardised values, for skull and dental 
characters. For explanation of character codes 
see Materials and Methods section. 
CHARACTER 
FUNCTION 1 
CBL 
1.9328 ( 3.3396) 
C'M' 
-1.3704 (-3.4858) 
M'M 1 
0.6323 (2.1542) 
RH 
-0.4987 (-1.5196) 
PIF 
-0.4524 (-0.9386) 
Constant 
-58.3252 
length, EAR; rostrum height, RH; rostrum length, 
RL; C'M 1 length and interorbital breadth, IOB), the 
function extracted was highly significant with 
94.9% of individuals correctly classified to their 
appropriate population (Figure 9). Only two Aru 
individuals were misclassified to the PNG group. 
The characters loading heaviest (>0.6) on this 
function were C'M 1 and RH (Table 7). 
Summary of multivariate analyses 
The above DFA supports the view that the 
recently described taxon keasti is equally distinct 
from both N. albiventer and N. cephalotes and 
should be treated as a species. Further, it shows 
that the Tanimbar populations, rather than being 
referred to N. cephalotes as indicated by Andersen 
(1912) and Hill in Corbet and Hill (1992), are more 
closely allied to N. keasti. 
The Sulawesi populations referred to N. 
cephalotes are distinct from Maluku population of 
the species and are identified as a subspecies of N. 
cephalotes. 
The species N. cephalotes, N. keasti and N. 
albiventer are rediagnosed for the study region and 
the Sulawesi and Tanimbar forms described as new 
Figure 4 Canonical variate analysis among three 
island populations of Nyctimene cephalotes 
(Seram, Ambon and Sulawesi) with the Buru 
population ungrouped. The DFA plots of 
functions 1 and 2 were based on a selection 
of five skull characters with males and 
females combined. Symbols as for Figure 2. 
