Small Pteropus from Timor 
151 
phenetically not close to either P. temmincki or P. 
griseus. They were phenetically closer to P. 1. heudei, 
the eastern subspecies, than to P. /. lombocensis. The 
Komodo specimen was allocated to P. /. heudei by 
DFA. The Banda Neira form of P. griseus (pallidus) 
clustered close to the nominate form on Timor, 
Semau, Roti and Wetar but is recognised by us as a 
subspecies. 
The Timor form of P. lombocensis is described 
below as a new subspecies by D.J. Kitchener. 
SYSTEMATICS 
Pteropus lombocensis salottii subsp. nov. 
Kitchener 
Holotype 
Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense No. MZB 2195 
adult male; skull and dentaries separate; skin 
prepared as 'cabinet' skin; collected on 3 February 
1929 by Mrs Walsh. 
Type locality 
Soe, W. Timor, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia 
(9°51’S, 124°16'E); from an altitude of 880 m. 
Paratypes 
(All adult females from the type locality and 
collected on the same date as the holotype). MZB 
2182, 2184, 2189-94, 2196. 
Diagnosis 
Similar in pelage colouration to Pteropus 
lombocensis lombocensis and P. 1. heudei but differing 
Figure 4 Plot of CjMj length versus braincase breadth 
for the three subspecies of Pteropus 
lombocensis. Island codes as for Figure 2. 
from both these subspecies in averaging smaller in 
all skull, dentary and dental characters, except P J P 4 
width (Table 3) and by having CjM, shorter 
relative to braincase breadth (Figure 4). 
It also differs from P. /. lombocensis by being 
absolutely smaller in condylobasal length, C‘M 2 
length, CjM, length and M 1 length (Table 3). 
Distribution 
Known only from Soe, West Timor. 
Etymology 
Named after Mr Mark Salotti in recognition of 
his work in contributing towards the curation of 
the mammal collections from Indonesia made 
between 1987 and 1993. 
Remarks 
Pteropus lombocensis is readily distinguished from 
both P. temmincki and P. griseus on overall body 
size and pelage colouration and on skull and 
dental measurements as described in Andersen 
(1912). Our measurements confirm that P. 
lombocensis differs from P. temmincki in having a 
number of skull and dentary measurements that 
are different, particularly a larger P 3 breadth, 
coronoid height and greatest skull length and a 
smaller orbit diameter (see Table 3). It also differs 
from P. griseus in a number of measurements, 
particularly in having a shorter rostrum length and 
forearm length (Table 3). 
Discussion 
Previously Pteropus lombocensis was thought to be 
restricted to the volcanic islands of the inner Banda 
Arc from Lombok Island in the west to Alor Island 
in the east (Kitchener et al. 1995a). Its discovery on 
Timor Island in the Gondwanic outer Banda Arc, 
where it has differentiated morphologically into a 
distinct subspecies, follows a pattern that is 
commonly repeated for bats in this region. There is 
a trend for Nusa Tenggara bats to so differentiate 
in the eastern parts of the inner Banda Arc and 
between the inner and outer Banda Arcs (e.g.. 
Kitchener et al. 1995a,b,c; Kitchener and 
Maharadatunkamsi (in prep.). 
Goodwin (1979) recorded the distribution of P. g. 
griseus as Timor, Semau, Bonerate, Djampea and 
possibly Saleyer islands. Its occurrence also on Roti 
and Wetar Islands suggests that it will probably 
also be found on other islands in the inner Banda 
Arc. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
We gratefully acknowledge the support of Mr A. 
Reeves, Director, Western Australian Museum; Drs 
M. Amir, Director, Balitbang Zoologi (LIPI): and 
