Myotis adversus complex 
193 
Museum (WAM prefix). At the completion of the 
project holotypes of new taxa and half tine other 
specimens will be returned to Museum 
Zoologicum Bogoriense. Other specimens were 
borrowed from the British Museum, Natural 
History (BMNH), Queensland Museum (JM), 
Australian Museum, Sydney (AM), Museum of 
Victoria (C) and South Australian Museum (SAM). 
Twenty measurements of skull, dentary and 
dental characters and 14 external characters (all in 
mm) were recorded to 0.1 mm for external 
characters and 0.01 mm for the other characters. 
The measurements recorded were: GSL, greater 
skull length; CBL, condylobasal length; BB, 
braincase breadth, ZW, zygomatic width; MW, 
mastoid width; CIT, cranial height; RL, rostrum 
length; AOW, width between anteorbital foramen; 
LIB, least interorbital breadth; PPL, postpalatal 
breadth; MFB, mesopterygoid fossa breadth; BUL, 
bulla length (excluding cochlear process); C'C'W, 
width between outer surface of upper canines (at 
level of alveoli); M 3 M 3 W, width between outer 
surface of upper last molars (at level of alveoli); 
I'M 3 L, length between anterior edge of I 1 alveoli to 
posterior edge of M 3 alveoli; C'M 3 L, length 
between anterior edge of C 1 alveoli to posterior 
edge of M 3 alveoli. M 2 B, M 2 crown breadth; DL, 
dentary length from condyle to I, anterior alveoli 
edge, I,M,L, length between anterior I, alveoli edge 
to posterior M 3 alveoli edge; SVL, tip of rhinarium 
to anus length; TV, distal tip of tail to anus length; 
EL, ear length; TIB, tibia length; PES, pes length; 
FA, forearm length; D3M, D4M and D5M - digit 3 
to 5 metacarpal length; D3P1, D4P1, D5P1 - digit 3 
to 5 phalanx 1 length; D3P2, D4P2 - digit 3 and 
digit 4 phalanx 2 length. 
Pelage descriptions follow the colour 
terminology of Smithe (1975). 
Adults were diagnosed as those specimens with 
all cranial sutures fused and without swelling on 
the epiphyseal joints of the wing digits. 
The effect of sex and island on all characters, 
except zygomatic width (values missing from 
many specimens) was examined by multiple 
regressions for those localities with both sexes 
present (Java, Nusa Penida, Sumbawa, Alor, 
Wetar, Yamdena, Savu Western Australia, 
Queensland, Victoria and South Australia for 
males - and the same group for females, except 
Java). Examination of the residuals from regression 
analysis gave no indication of heteroscedasticity. 
Because of the number of associations being tested 
in the multiple regression analysis the level of 
significance was set at P<0.01, 
Stepwise canonical variate (discriminant 
function) analyses (DFA) were run for all skull, 
dentary and dental characters for males and 
females combined after first testing for sexual 
dimorphism. External measurements were 
analysed separately from these other characters 
and localities were grouped following the groups 
indicated by the DFA of the skull, dentary and 
dental characters. In all instances DFA was run 
using all characters and each island as a group. 
These islands were then placed into broader 
groups and the DFA repeated using all characters 
and these new broad groupings. From this latter 
Table 1 Multiple regression on sex and locality (see 
text) of Myotis for (a) skull, dentary and 
dental characters and (b) external characters. 
F values are presented for the main effects 
and their interactions. For explanation of 
character codes see Materials and Methods 
section. Probability levels are *, 0.05>p>0.01; 
”, 0.01>p>0.001; and *”, p<0.001. 
Table la 
Character 
Main Effects 
Sex Location 
Interaction 
Sex. Location 
GSL 
0.066 
24.034*** 
0.472 
CBL 
0.716 
21.410*** 
0.485 
BB 
0.828 
27.613*** 
0.527 
MW 
0.675 
17.075*** 
0.671 
CH 
0.130 
10.944*** 
1.053 
RL 
0.556 
15.126*** 
0.524 
AOB 
0.365 
11.587*** 
1.539 
LIB 
4.828* 
11.956*’* 
1.723 
PPL 
3.744 
10.593”* 
1.667 
MFB 
6.091* 
6.262’** 
2.429’ 
BUL 
0.396 
9.946*** 
1.518 
C'C'W 
0.239 
2.519* 
0.400 
M’M’W 
1.476 
25.723*** 
0.685 
C'M 3 L 
2.563 
26.264*’* 
0.856 
I'M’L 
2.504 
24.405”* 
0.743 
M 2 B 
0.948 
2.389’ 
0.448 
ANRAM 
0.000 
14.651*” 
0.453 
DL 
0.163 
23.486*** 
1.181 
' i M,L 
1.230 
25.747*** 
1.206 
d.f. 
1,87 
9,87 
9,87 
Table lb 
Character 
Main Effects 
Sex Location 
Interaction 
Sex. Location 
SVL 
0.987 
3.003” 
1.142 
TV 
0.745 
12.689”* 
1.228 
EL 
0.005 
41.009*” 
0.786 
TIB 
5.011* 
35.391”’ 
1.854 
PES 
0.038 
25.312”* 
1.009 
FA 
11.784” 
48.818*” 
1.027 
D3M 
11.059** 
36.414**’ 
1.157 
D3P1 
7.668” 
73.116”* 
1.992 
D3P2 
2.917 
35.852*** 
1.069 
D4M 
9.448” 
33.668”* 
1.460 
D4P1 
6.556* 
26.135”’ 
1.062 
D4P2 
1.400 
10.579*** 
0.653 
D5M 
9.713” 
34.009*** 
1.677 
D5P1 
6.915* 
8.008*** 
1.083 
d.f. 
1,91 
8,91 
8,91 
