Indonesian Bearded Tomb Bats 
215 
larger set of characters. This reduced set of 
characters was selected because the sample size of 
the smallest island group was less than the total 
number of characters considered. This reduced set 
of characters was selected because they provide 
values that minimise Wilk's Lambda. All analyses 
used the statistical package SPSS PC+. 
Univariate Statistics 
The mean, standard deviation, and range of 
measurements of skull, dentary and dental 
characters of both adult male and adult female 
Taphozous from Wetar, Tanimbar and Kai Island 
are presented in Table 1. Comparable 
measurements for specimens from other islands in 
Nusa Tenggara are presented in Kitchener et al. 
(1993a: table 2). These measurements indicate that 
the Tanimbar and Kai individuals were of similar 
size but the Wetar individuals were generally 
larger in skull, dentary and dental measurements. 
Multiple regression analysis 
Skull, dentary and dental characters 
This analysis examined the association between 
the main effects of sex, age and island and the 
recorded measurements and the interactions 
between these effects. 
Sex and age 
There were no significant interactions between 
these effects and no significant association between 
these measurements and age and sex, except for 
M 2 width and age (F M2 =5.821; p=0.004). 
Island 
All characters were significantly associated with 
island at P<0.001, except for postorbital width 
(P=0.013). 
Externals 
Sex and age 
There were no significant associations between 
sex and age and the external characters. There was, 
however a significant interaction for tail to vent 
length between sex and island (F 6g8 =3.863; 
P=0.002). 
Island 
Only snout to vent length, greatest tragus 
breadth, digit 4 metacarpal length, digit 5 
metacarpal length and pes length were not 
significantly associated with island; tail to vent 
length was the most significantly associated 
variable (F 68S =10.699; P=<0.001). 
Discriminant function analysis (DFA) 
Skull, dentary and dental characters 
Because of the absence of significant sexual 
dimorphism and the significant association of only 
one character (M 2 width) with age, the DFA based 
on skull, dentary and dental characters and the 11 
island populations (Lombok, Sumbawa, Moyo, 
Alor, Wetar, Savu, Roti, Semau, Timor, Tanimbar 
and Kai Besar) was run for males and females 
combined, and all characters (17), except M 2 width. 
A DFA run with a reduced set of five characters 
(dentary length, greatest basial pit length, bulla 
length, M 2 length and interorbital breadth) and 
three island groups [the Lombok Group (Lombok, 
Sumbawa, Moyo, Alor and Timor); the Savu Group 
(Savu, Roti, Semau and Wetar); and the Tanimbar 
Table 1 (continued) 
C'OB 
M 3 M 3 B C 3 M 3 L 
M 2 L 
M J W 
SVL 
TVL 
EL 
GTW RL 
D3MCL 
D3P1L 
D3P2L 
D4MCL 
D5MCL TL 
PES 
4.24 
9.12 
9.35 
2.15 
2.43 
70.6 
27.7 
21.5 
5.1 
64.5 
57.8 
20.3 
22.9 
46.3 
36.7 
25.8 
11.6 
0.15 
0.27 
0.22 
0.08 
0.09 
3.1 
2.1 
1.1 
0.2 
0.8 
1.1 
0.7 
0.9 
1.1 
0.7 
0.6 
0.4 
3.98 
8.70 
9.06 
2.07 
2.28 
64.9 
23.4 
19.8 
4.9 
63.2 
55.5 
19.6 
21.1 
44.4 
35.5 
24.5 
11.2 
4.55 
9.62 
9.74 
2.28 
2.61 
74.9 
30.3 
23.1 
5.4 
65.4 
58.9 
21.2 
24.2 
48.2 
37.4 
26.5 
12.2 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
3.99 
8.77 
8.63 
1.97 
2.32 
69.6 
26.8 
19.1 
4.7 
62.5 
54.9 
20.1 
21.9 
44.4 
34.8 
24.3 
11.4 
0.07 
0.14 
0.15 
0.06 
0.07 
3.0 
1.7 
0.5 
0.2 
1.1 
0.8 
0.5 
0.4 
1.0 
0.7 
0.4 
0.3 
3.90 
8.59 
8.45 
1.83 
2.14 
65.3 
24.0 
18.3 
4.4 
60.2 
53.3 
19.5 
21.3 
43.0 
34.0 
23.8 
10.7 
4.09 
8.95 
8.89 
2.06 
2.41 
75.2 
30.8 
19.7 
5.1 
64.1 
56.0 
20.8 
22.8 
45.9 
35.9 
24.9 
11.9 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
4.15 
8.95 
8.91 
1.96 
2.29 
73.5 
26.6 
20.3 
5.0 
61.2 
54.6 
19.6 
21.2 
44.3 
34.3 
24.6 
11.4 
0.06 
0.12 
0.17 
0.08 
0.08 
3.7 
1.3 
0.4 
0.2 
0.8 
0.6 
0.4 
0.6 
0.7 
0.6 
0.4 
0.2 
4.03 
8.65 
8.63 
1.79 
2.20 
65.2 
23.8 
19.8 
4.7 
59.5 
53.8 
19.1 
19.8 
43.0 
33.1 
23.9 
11.0 
4.29 
9.09 
9.12 
2.05 
2.41 
79.7 
28.2 
20.9 
5.2 
62.5 
55.5 
20.5 
22.1 
45.1 
35.4 
25.3 
11.8 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
