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D.J. Kitchener, A. Suyanttj 
a 
b 
Function 2 
Function 2 
Figure 2 Canonical variate analysis for both adult male and adult female Bearded Tomb Bats based three islamj 
groups (Tanimbar Group; Savu Group, and Lombok Group). The plots of Functions 1 and 2 were based oh 
(a) five selected skull, dentary and dental characters and (b) five selected external characters. The islany 
codes within these three groups were as follows: A, Lombok; B, Alor, C, Timor; D, Roti, E, Savu; F, Servian 
G, Moyo; H, Sumbawa; W, Wetar; K, Kai and T, Tanimbar. 
Group (Yamdena and Kai Besar)] produced a 
similar association of these island populations in 
Discriminant Function space to that produced by 
the above DFA using all islands and 17 characters. 
This latter DFA produced two significant 
Functions (Figure 2a). Function 1 explained 82.5% 
of the variance and Function 2, 17.5%. All 
individuals were correctly classified to their 
appropriate island population. 
The Lombok Group separated from both the 
Savu and Tanimbar Groups on Function 1. The 
characters loading heavily (>0.5) on Function 1 
were dentary length and greatest basial pit length 
(Table 2a). The Tanimbar Group separated from 
the Savu Group and partially from the Lombok 
Group on Function 2. The characters loading 
heavily (>0.5) on Function 2 were greatest basial 
pit length and M 2 length (Table 2). 
External characters 
All external characters, except snout to vent 
length (which showed an interaction between sex 
and island), were included in a DFA of these 
characters based on the same three groups 
identified above (Lombok, Savu, and Tanimbar). 
This DFA was also run using a reduced set of five 
characters (tibia length, digit 3 metacarpal length, 
digit 3 phalanx 1 length, digit 5 metacarpal length 
and ear length) and it this latter DFA that is 
presented here. The DFA extracted two very 
significant Functions. Function 1, which explained 
75.5% of the variance, separated both the Savu any 
Tanimbar Groups from the Lombok Group (Figui\. 
2b). The character that loaded heavily (>0.5) oh 
Function 1 was tibia length (Table 2b). Function X, 
which explained 24.5% of the variance, separate^ 
the Savu and Tanimbar Groups. The character 
loading heavily (>0.05) on Function 2 was digit 3 
metacarpal length (Table 2b). A total of 87.9% af 
individuals were classified to their correct island 
group. Misclassifications were as follows: Two 
Savu Group animals to the Tanimbar Group; five 
Lombok Group animals to the Savu Group and 10 
Lombok Group animals to the Tanimbar Group. 
The Lombok, Savu and Tanimbar Groups were 
clearly separated in Discriminant Function space 
based on skull, dentary and dental characters, but 
less clearly so on external characters. Further, it is 
apparent from these plots that within these Groups 
there is little morphological differentiation between 
the islands. This is indicated by the observation 
that the Lombok Group cluster is defined in DF 
space by individuals from a single island (Lombok) 
and similarly the Savu Group is defined by Wetar 
individuals. The Yamdena and Kai Besar 
specimens also overlap considerably (Figure 2). In 
the previous study by Kitchener et al. (1993a) the 
Lombok Group represent Taphozous m. melanapogon 
and the Savu Group T. achates. Consequently the 
Wetar Island individuals classify as T. achates. The 
Tanimbar Group individuals are morphologically 
distinct from both these above taxa. However, the 
