Hipposideros from Sumbawa Island 
313 
curvature) 19.2,19.6; digit 4 metacarpal length 38.6, 
37.4; digit 4 phalanx 1 length 11.4, 10.9; digit 4 
phalanx 2 length 9.0, 9.7; digit 5 metacarpal length 
37.2, 36.5; digit 5 phalanx 1 length 13.8,13.4 digit 5 
phalanx 2 length 11.4, 11.8; anterior noseleaf 
breadth 4.9, 5.3; posterior noseleaf breadth 5.5, 6.0. 
Remarks 
These Sumbawa specimens are a member of the 
bicolor subgroup (sensu Hill 1963) although it is an 
unusual member of this subgroup in that its 
zygomatic width considerably exceeds its mastoid 
width (9.43 v. 9.05) rather than being usually less 
than or subequal to the mastoid width. Within this 
subgroup they are most similar to H. bicolor 
Temminck, 1834, H. ater Templeton, 1848, H. 
cineraceus Blyth, 1853, H. pomona Andersen, 1918, 
and H. macrobullatus Tate, 1941. They are clearly 
distinct from H. fulvus Gray, 1838 and H. nequmn 
Andersen, 1918, both of which are smaller and 
have a much reduced PM 2 (Hill 1963, Hill et al. 
1986). 
They differ from H. ater in being much larger (cf. 
forearm length 47.9-48.0 v. 35.0-42.5, 
condylocanine length 16.8 v. 13.2-15.0, zygomata 
width 9.4 v. 7.0-7.6); their baculum differs greatly 
in size and shape (see Topal 1975). 
They differ from H. cineraceus in being larger (cf. 
forearm length 32.5-36.0, condylocanine length 
12.6-13.7, zygomatic width 7.0-7.6); anterior half 
of zygomata more robust and baculum longer and 
without bifurcation of projecting basal part of 
baculum (see Zubaid and Davison 1987). 
They differ from H. pomona in being generally 
larger (cf. forearm length 37-43, condylocanine 
length 14.5-15.9, zygomatic width 8.3-9.0); 
intercochlear distance slightly larger 1.63 v. 1.14- 
1.50: tympanic bulla shorter 2.64 v. 2.76-3.20; and 
ears shorter 18.7-19.3 v. 20.1-23.6. 
They differ from H. macrobullatus in being larger 
(cf. forearm length v. 40-42, condylocanine length 
14.4—15.0, zygomatic width 7.9-8.3); tympanic bulla 
shorter 2.64 v. 2.90-2.94 and wider 1.62 v. 1.46- 
1.58; intercochlear distance wider 1.63 v. 1.27-1.45; 
ear shorter 18.7-19.3 v. 21.1-21.9. 
They differ from H. bicolor in being larger (cf. 40- 
46, condylocanine length 15.4-16.3, and zygomatic 
width 8.6-9.5); tympanic bulla wider 1,62 v. 1.27- 
1.57 and intercochleae distance slightly narrower 
1.63 v. 1.66-2.03; vomer projection into 
mesopterygoid fossa only faintly thickened; and 
baculum differing as for the distinction with H. 
cineraceus (measurements from Hill 1963, Hill et al. 
1986, Hill in Corbet and Hill 1992 and J.E. Hill pers. 
comm.). 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
We gratefully acknowledge the support of Mr J. 
Bannister, previous Director, Western Australian 
Museum; Dr M. Amir, Director, Balitbang Zoologi 
(LIP1); and the Director of the Indonesian 
Department responsible for the conservation of 
wildlife in Nusa Tenggara Barat, Dr Ir. P. Supriadi, 
who provided us with assistance in the field, as 
did a number of his staff. To our colleagues Dr Ric 
How and Mr Ron Johnstone, Western Australian 
Museum, who participated in the exhausting field 
work, we extend our thanks for both their effort 
and companionship. Mrs Norah Cooper produced 
the photographs. 
Mr John Edwards Hill provided constructive 
comments on tire manuscript and made available 
measurements additional to those in the literature. 
Expedition costs were defrayed by grants to Dr 
D. Kitchener from the National Geographic Society, 
Washington. Garuda Indonesia kindly defrayed 
freight costs of the expeditions. Mrs Susan Dalton 
and Mrs Anne Nevin, Western Australian 
Museum, typed the manuscript. 
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