Birds of Nusa Tenggara islands 
175 
Sangenges in July-August 1993. Noted from 100-1200 
m. Most frequent in primary semi-evergreen rainforest 
and moist deciduous monsoon forest. Also in degraded 
forest-edge habitat and dry forest. Five mist-netted birds 
had brood patches and one bird was observed carrying 
nesting material in early August. 
Estrildidae 
Taeniopygia guttala guttala Zebra Finch 
Sumbawa I. - Moderately common in small flocks (up 
to 10). Recorded at Sumbawa Besar, Belo, Batu Tering, 
Teluk Santong and Sangeang. Cultivated areas, open 
woodland and thickets of prickly Acacia. 
Erythrura hyperythra intermedia Tawny-breasted Parrot- 
Finch 
Sumbawa I. - Status uncertain. Three males from 
Sumbawa in MZB collection. 
Lonchura molucca Black-faced Munia 
Sumbawa I. - Common. Mainly in small flocks (up to 
20) occasionally larger flocks up to 200. Recorded at 
Sumbawa Besar, Merente, Meraran, Belo, Maluk, Alas, 
footslope of Gunung Olet Sangenges, Batu Tering, Batu 
Dulang, Teluk Santong, Waworada and Dahu. 
Cultivated areas especially rice fields, edges of wetlands, 
edges of forest and lowland scrub. Breeding recorded in 
May. 
Moyo I. - Uncommon to moderately common in small 
flocks (up to 8). Recorded at Sebotok and Brang Kua. 
Coastal thickets and edges of forest. 
Lonchura punctulata nisoria Scaly-breasted Munia 
Sumbawa 1. Common. Mainly small flocks (up to 
30). Recorded at Sumbawa Besar, Belo, Teluk Santong, 
Waworada and Dahu. Mainly in and around rice fields. 
Lonchura pallida Pale-headed Munia 
Sumbawa I. - Uncommon. Mainly small flocks (up to 
20). Recorded near Sumbawa Besar, Meraran, Maluk 
and Teluk Santong. Cultivated areas except at Meraran 
they were mostly in Typlm, Pragmiles and lilies. 
Padda oryzivora Java Sparrow 
Sumbawa I. - Uncommon. Flock of six on road near 
Sumbawa Besar on 8 May; four bathing in creek at Batu 
Tering on 26 May; and several in gardens at Batu Tering 
on 27 May 1988. 
Meliphagidae 
Philemon buceroides neglectus Helmeted Friarbird 
Sumbawa I. - Common. Recorded at Merente, three 
sites at Selah Legium, Gunung Olet Sangenges, near 
Alas, Belo, Batu Tering, Batu Dulang, Dahu and 
Waworada. Rare above 1000 m. Rainforest, vine forest 
and cultivated areas. 
Moyo I. Common. Recorded at Sebotok, Brang Kua 
and Tanjung Pasir. Mangal, open woodland, rainforest 
and vine forest. Attracted to flowering Sesbania. 
Sangeang I. - Common. Open woodland and 
creekside vegetation. Attracted to fruiting Ficus. 
Lichmera lombokia Scaly-crowned Honeyeater 
Sumbawa I. - Only recorded at Gunung Olet 
Sangenges in August 1993. Common in upper montane 
semi-evergreen forest from 1000-1700 m and uncommon 
in lower montane forest (800-1000 m). 
Lichmera indistincla limbata Brown Honeyeater 
Sumbawa 1. - Common. Recorded at Sumbawa Besar, 
Alas, Meraran, Batu Tering, Batu Dulang and Teluk 
Santong. Mangal and cultivated areas. 
Sangeang I. - Common. Open woodland, vine scrub 
along creeks and cultivated areas. 
Passeridae 
Passer montanus Eurasian Tree Sparrow 
Sumbawa I. - Moderately common to common. 
Recorded at Sumbawa Besar, Meraran, Belo, Maluk, 
Batu Tering, Bima and Sangeang. Town gardens 
cultivated areas and edges of swamps. Not listed by 
White and Bruce (1986) for Sumbawa and thought to be 
a recent introduction. 
Sangeang 1. - Uncommon. Recorded in open 
woodland near villages. 
Sturnidae 
Aplonis minor Short-tailed Starling 
Sumbawa I. - Rare. Recorded between 200 m and 1600 
m at Batu Hijau and at Gunung Olet Sangenges in July- 
August 1993. 
Gracida religiosa venerata Hill Myna 
Sumbawa 1. - Uncommon. Two in a bamboo thicket 
edge of rainforest at Batu Dulang on 5 November 1988, 
also recorded at Batu Hijau, Selah Legium in semi¬ 
evergreen rainforest (450- 650 m) in July-August 1993. 
Moyo I. - Moderately common at Brang Kua and 
Tanjung Pasir. Attracted to fruiting trees especially Ficus. 
Oriolidae 
Oriolus chinensis broderipii Black-naped Oriole 
Sumbawa I. - Common to moderately common in 
ones and twos. Recorded at Meraran, Belo, Batu Hijau, 
Babar, Gunung Olet Sangenges, Batu Tering, Batu 
Dulang and Dahu. Mainly lowland semi-evergreen and 
moist deciduous monsoon forest, riverine forest, 
woodland and bamboo thickets. Attracted to fruiting 
trees especially Ficus and Eugenia spp. 
Moyo I. - Moderately common in ones and twos. 
Recorded at Sebotok, Brang Kua and Tanjung Pasir. 
Rainforest, woodland and mangal. Attracted to fruiting 
Ficus and Eugenia. 
Sangeang 1. - Moderately common in ones and twos. 
Vine forest. 
Dicruridae 
Dicrurus densus bimaensis Wallacean Drongo 
Sumbawa I. - Moderately common throughout the 
island. Mainly in ones and twos and occasionally in 
small groups (up to 6). All lowland forests including 
