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C.C. Lu, A. Reid 
Figure 3 A-D, Sepia plana sp. nov.; A, funnel organ, scale bar 3 mm; B, funnel-locking cartilage (left), and mantle¬ 
locking cartilage (right), scale bar 1 mm; C, hectocotylised left ventral arm, scale bar 3 mm; D, right ventral 
arm, scale bar 3 mm. (A-D male holotype MV F77206, 99.3 mm ML). 
innermost row large, rectangular-hexagonal; 
peripheral sucker rim processes radially arranged, 
slightly more elongate (Figure 4A). Sucker counts 
range from 90-172; females with higher average 
counts than male (Table 3). 
Table 3 Sepia plana sp. nov.; arm length indices (ALI), 
arm sucker diameter indices (ASIn) and arm 
sucker counts (ASC) of 1 mature male and 
ranges of these measures and counts for 5 
mature females, min. = minimum, max. = 
maximum, SD = standard deviation. 
Male 
Females 
min. mean 
max. 
SD 
ALII 
48.8 
28.8 
34.0 
38.0 
3.9 
ALI2 
40.8 
36.4 
41.6 
44.5 
4.6 
ALI3 
41.3 
36.4 
38.5 
40.3 
1.9 
ALI4 
45.8 
38.4 
39.8 
41.3 
1.2 
ASInl 
1.61 
0.89 
1.07 
1.26 
0.15 
ASIn2 
1.88 
0.98 
1.10 
1.31 
0.15 
ASin3 
1.51 
0.90 
1.04 
1.21 
0.13 
ASIn4 
1.33 
0.79 
1.00 
1.26 
0.19 
ASCI 
94 
102 
115 
128 
13 
ASC2 
90 
136 
141 
146 
7 
ASC3 
112 
142 
146 
150 
4 
ASC4 
118 
145 
159 
172 
14 
Left ventral arm of male hectocotylised: suckers 
slightly reduced in size (Figure 3C,D), maximum 
and minimum sucker diameters: ASInl4 1.26, 
ASInl4m 0.76 (compare with non-hectocotylised 
arms Table 3); proximal 8 rows (approximately) of 
suckers reduced; suckers in dorsal marginal series 
slightly smaller than remaining suckers. Oral 
surface of modified region wide, fleshy, with 
transversely grooved ridges; without distinct 
median furrow. Hectocotylised arm not markedly 
attenuate distally. 
Tentacular club longer in male than in females; 
C1LI male 19.1, females 15.5-16.5-18.5 (SD, 1.7). 
Club crescent-shaped; sucker-bearing face 
flattened. Club with 8-10 suckers in transverse 
rows, CIRC male 8, females 8-9-10 (SD, 1); 36-45 
suckers in longitudinal series, TrRC male 36, 
females 36-29-45 (SD, 5). Suckers all similar size, 
small (Figure 5A), C1SI male 0.22, females 0.27- 
0.30- 0.34 (SD, 0.03); dorsal and ventral-marginal 
longitudinal series of suckers similar size; CISId 
males 0.22, females 0.25-0.28-0.31 (SD, 0.03); CISIv 
male 0.22, females 0.27-0.28-0.29 (SD, 0.01). Sucker 
dentition: inner ring with blunt projections; 
infundibulum with 8-9 rows of ovate polygonal 
processes without pegs; innermost row processes 
