376 
S.D. Cairns 
(SAM H851) 15.6 x 11.4 mm in diameter, having 
2 pairs of S4 in one half-system, resulting in 52 
septa and 13 pali (i.e., 11 P3 and 2 P4). Sl-2 little 
exsert (0.8-1.4 mm), extend about 2/3 distance 
to columella, having slightly sinuous inner edges. 
S3 and S4 less exsert (0.6-0.8 mm), the S3 about 
2/3 width of the Sl-2, having highly sinuous 
inner edges. S4 about 4/5 width of the S3, having 
slightly sinuous inner edges. A well-defined 
crown on 12 P3, each palus 1.7-2.0 mm wide, 
occurs about 2 mm below calicular edge. Pali 
thin and coarsely granular, having sinuous 
edges. Fascicular columella composed of 3-10 
slender, twisted elements, recessed 2 mm below 
upper edges of pali. 
Remarks 
Among the approximately 65 species of Recent 
Caryophyllia (see Cairns 1991; Best et al. 1995), C. 
stellula is unique in its tendency to pass through a 
stage having a narrow pedicel to an adult stage 
characterized by an unattached, comute corailum. 
It is most similar to C. squiresi Cairns, 1992, known 
only from the Subantarctic region off Tierra del 
Fuego and the Falkland Islands at 646-845 m, but 
differs in having a smaller, more slender, and more 
curved corallum. 
Gardiner (1904) reported specimens of C. stellula 
as "Caryophyllia epithecata n. sp." from South 
Africa, elevating Duncan's (1873) Caryopliyllia 
clavus var. epithecata to the species level but treating 
it as a new species. However, according to the 
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature 
(1985: article 45g), a variety named before 1961 
should be treated as a subspecies (or of the species 
rank), and therefore the correct author of 
Caryophyllia epithecata should be Duncan (1873). 
Regardless, Zibrowius (1974b) showed Duncan's 
variety epithecata to be a junior synonym of C. 
smithii and not conspecific with the South African 
species. Thus, this taxon, which is found off South 
Africa and now Western Australia, requires a new 
name. Zibrowius (1974b) also suggested that a 
specimen he reported as Caryophyllia sp. from St. 
Paul Island and C. seivelli Gardiner and Waugh, 
1938 from the Red Sea were conspecific with 
Gardiner's (1904) specimens. This equivalence is 
doubted based on their thicker pedicels, straight 
coralla, and coarser pali. 
Distribution 
Western Australia: west of Rottnest Island; Great 
Australian Bight southwest of Eucla; 240-402 m. 
Elsewhere: southeastern (warm temperate) South 
Africa; 166-420 m (Gardiner 1904). 
Etymology 
The species name comes from the Latin stellula, 
meaning little star. 
Caryophyllia (C.) atlantica (Duncan, 1873) 
Bathycyathus atlanticus Duncan, 1873: 318, pi. 48, 
figs. 1-2. 
Caryophyllia alcocki Vaughan, 1907: 73-74, pi. 5, 
fig. 1. 
Caryophyllia atlantica - Zibrowius, 1980: 56-57, pi. 
20, figs. A-K (synonymy and description).— 
Cairns, 1995: 47-48, pi. 8, figs, d-e (synonymy 
and description). 
Caryophyllia pacifica Keller, 1981: 16-17, pi. 1, figs. 
2a-b. 
New Records 
Soela: stn 01/84/49, 1, WAM 766-84; stn 01/84/ 
54, 4, WAM 265-93; stn 01/84/55, 7: 4 (WAM 
553-84), 3 (USNM 97819); stn 01/84/56, 2, WAM 
565-84; stn 01/84/57, 1, WAM 735-84; stn 01/84/ 
120, 1, WAM 1021-85; stn 01/84/122, 1, USNM 
97818. 
Umataka Maru: stn 6921, 1, WAM 433-96. 
Lady Basten : stn LB6(s), 1, WAM 41-96. 
Lady, stn RW96-18, 1, NTM C8094. 
Remarks 
The number of septa known for this species 
ranges from 48 (12 pali) to 72 (18 pali). All Western 
Australian specimens have the lower number of 48 
septa and 12 pali, consistent with previously 
reported specimens from the central Pacific (Keller 
1981). 
Distribution 
Western Australia: continental slope of 
northwestern coast south of Cartier Island to south 
of Rowley Shoals; 193-530 m, on soft and rubble 
substrates. Elsewhere: despite it provincial name 
this species is widely distributed, including the 
eastern Atlantic, central Pacific, and Campbell Rise; 
776-2165 m. 
Caryophyllia (C.) grandis Gardiner and Waugh, 
1938 
Caryophyllia grandis Gardiner and Waugh, 1938: 
177, pi. 1, fig. 2.—Cairns and Keller, 1993: 234 
(synonymy).—Cairns and Zibrowius, 1997: 96, 
figs. 7 g-h (diagnosis). 
Caryophyllia sp. ?Veron, 1986: 605, black and white 
% 
New Records 
Soela: stn 02/82/35, 1, WAM 109-83; stn 01/84/ 
77, 2, WAM 527-84; stn 01/84/79, 1, WAM 748-84; 
stn 01/84/81, 2, WAM 674-84; stn 01/84/82, 1, 
WAM 677-84; stn 01/84/92, 4, WAM 689-84; stn 
01/84/100, 4, WAM 691-84; stn 01/84/111, 1, 
WAM 694-84; stn 01/84/120, 7: 4 (WAM 703- and 
