Part I.] 
Troup : Teak Forests of Burma. 
5 
Of these the upper mixed is by far the more extensive and may be 
said to be the home of teak par excellence : some of the richest teak areas, 
however, are to be found in lower mixed forest. 
It is to be understood that both these types are essentially deciduous, 
but they tend to merge into evergreen in their moister parts, while 
the two types themselves sometimes merge imperceptibly into each other, 
so that the line between upper and lower mixed forest is not always a 
sharp one. 
The general distinction between the two classes may be said to be as 
follows :— 
(1) Upper mixed forest typically occupies hilly country, and is 
usually characterised by the prevalence of bamboos. 
(2) Lower mixed forest occurs on land which is flat or nearly so, and 
is usually alluvial. Bamboos are either absent or not well 
distributed. 
2. Upper Mixed Deciduous Forests. 
The upper mixed forests may be divided into two chief types— (a) dry 
and ( b) moist, the distinction lying in the 
I. Upper mixed, comparative dryness and moistness of the 
(a) Dry and (6) moist. f ores t growth, of which the best indicators 
are the bamboos which form so important an element in the composition 
of the crop. It may be mentioned that the majority of the associates 
of teak extend both to the dry and to the moist upper mixed forests, and 
many are found also in the lower mixed forests : hence it is impossible 
to do more than enumerate a few of the more characteristic species 
in each. 
(a) Dry forest. —The most typical bamboo in the dry upper mixed 
forest, is Dendrocalamus strictus, but some 
(a) Dry upper mixed. ^ the bamboos of the moist forest, notably 
Cephalostachyum pergracile, extend, often in stunted form, to this 
type of forest. Bambusa Tulda occurs in dry as well as in moist forest, 
and Thyrsostachys Oliveri is found in fairly dry forest in Upper Burma. 
The distinction between dry and moist forest is for this reason veiy 
difficult to draw at times. Dry upper mixed forest may either occur 
in unbroken stretches of considerable extent, or may be confined to the 
crests and upper slopes of ridges or spurs, the lower slopes of which are 
occupied by moist orest. In dry mixed forest teak does not usually 
reach such large dimensions as in the moist forest, but as a rule 
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