Part III.] Kaitt : Bamboo as Material for Paper-pulp. 
11 
SECTION B. 
Analytical. 
13. The scheme of analysis affording the most useful information to 
the pulp-maker is one based on the varying solu¬ 
bilities of the component, or groups of component, 
substances composing the raw material. The behaviour of the fibre 
turer, is of little interest in the case of paper fibre and is therefore omitted 
here. The important thing is to arrive at the amounts of substances 
present that exercise variable effects upon the reagents employed in the 
digestive process. 
The scheme adopted is as follows :— 
(a) Water Extract. —Matter soluble in water at 100°. In bamboo, 
chiefly starch and its secondary or transformation products 
with a small amount of soluble salts.—No tannin present, 
may be separated into starch secondary products which are 
soluble in cold water, and starch as such, which is only soluble 
in boiling water or in cold weak (0-6 per cent.) NaOH. 
(b) Fat and wax.— Soluble in hot mixture of ether and alcohol. 
; i j Exists principally in the cuticle. No resin present. Small in 
J r quantity and of little importance, and will usually be conve- 
, \ nient to consider in conjunction with the next group as it is 
• ' also soluble in 1 per cent. NaOH. 
(c) Pectose. —Pectous matter, soluble in 1 per cent. NaOH at 100°. 
(d) Lignin. —Ligneous matter which together with cellulose forms 
the true wood substance. Separated by the Sodium hydro¬ 
xide-chlorine-Sodium Sulphite method of Cross and Bevan. 
Soluble also in strong NaOH at temperatures above 130° but 
with hydrolysis and loss of fibre. 
(e) Cellulose. —The insoluble residue from ( d ). 
(/) Total ash. —Mineral matter, chiefly silica with varying amounts 
of soluble earth salts. Not included in the percentage pro¬ 
portions because each of the separations (a), (c), (d) and ( e ) 
carries out with it its own complement of silica or salts, or 
both. To include it would therefore have the effect of 
reckoning it twice. 
There remains hygroscopic moisture or water of condition. As this 
is variable in amount and not in chemical union with the 
material it need not be quoted nor included in the percentage 
[ 191 ] 
