8 
DISEASES OF THE LIPS AND CHEEKS. 
the posterior convolutions of the cerebrum to the point of origin of the 
twelfth nerve. Thomassen and Hamburger found haemorrhage in the 
facial nerve centre. In a dog that suffered from unilateral paralysis 
Monfallet found tuberculosis of the meninges. 
It is difficult to say if rheumatic paralysis of the facial nerve occurs in 
animals as well as in men. The greater number of cases, at any rate, 
are of traumatic origin. Disease of the middle ear being rare in the 
horse, it cannot often be a determining agent, and Moller has never seen 
a case of facial paralysis in dogs, though in them middle ear disease is 
comparatively common. But Trofimow relates that a bitch showed one¬ 
sided paralysis in consequence of catching cold; the upper eyelid was 
Fig. 2.— Right-sided facial paralysis 
(central). The protrusion of the 
tongue is accidental—it does not 
necessarily occur in facial paralysis. 
Fig. 3. —Double-sided facial paralysis 
(peripheral). 
involved ; cure was effected in two months, but a relapse is said to have 
occurred later. Cattle seldom suffer from facial paralysis, probably 
because the nerve is protected against mechanical injury by the horns. 
In double-sided paralysis both nostrils fall in, but a sufficient opening- 
remains for ordinary quiet respiration. Immediately, however, that 
breathing is hurried, from such causes as excitement or rapid movement, 
a snoring sound becomes audible during inspiration. As the horse 
breathes only through the nose, the narrowed opening becomes insuffi¬ 
cient, the edges of the nostrils are pressed inwards, and inspiratory 
dyspnoea ensues. That asphyxia is always caused, as Claude Bernard 
states, has not been borne out by the experiments of Gunther and 
Ellenberger. Moller’s observations support those of Ellenberger, but it 
