22 
FRACTURE OF THE PREMAXILLARY BONE. 
commencement, water may be given per rectum, especially if deglutition 
is difficult, and soluble nourishment may be administered in the same 
way. In complicated cases the wound must be frequently cleaned. 
Should the skin be wounded by perforating fragments (an exceptional 
occurrence), ordinary antiseptic treatment must be adopted, and loose 
pieces of bone removed. 
(G) NEW GROWTHS IN THE TONGUE. 
Whilst carcinoma of the tongue is common in man it is comparatively 
rare in domesticated animals, but the following growths have been 
observed : 
In young dogs, calves, and horses, numerous papillomata are not 
uncommon. They vary in size from a pin’s head to a walnut, and are 
usually partially macerated in the saliva. The significance of these 
growths in young animals has not yet been explained. Frick saw a 
young sporting dog whose tongue was thickly coated with such growths. 
The condition is seldom of importance, does not interfere with eating 
and disappears spontaneously. Treatment consists in snipping off the 
growths with scissors or enucleating them. Fowler’s solution of arsenic 
internally is useful. 
Fibromata, sarcomata and carcinomata are seen in oxen and horses. 
They only receive surgical treatment when in or near the tip of the 
tongue, whence they can be removed by amputation. When seated further 
back treatment is useless, and the patient had better be slaughtered. 
Mucoid cysts have frequently been seen at the base of the tongue in 
horses. In many cases they have caused no complication, and have 
only been discovered after death apparently from an epileptiform fit. In 
other cases they have caused difficulty in swallowing, breathing and 
mastication. Pedunculated cysts may be removed with the ecraseur ; 
the flatter kinds are laid open and their interior destroyed with the 
cautery or by dressing with tincture of iodine. 
(3.) EBACTUBE OF THE PBEMAXILLABY BONE. 
Such fractures are caused by falling or running against obstacles; in 
horses by kicks, in dogs by blows. Sometimes the nasal process 
alone breaks; sometimes the alveolar portion with one or more incisor 
teeth is involved; sometimes the bodies of both bones are broken 
through. 
Diagnosis is based on the painful character of the swelling, and on 
the result of examination of the bone, which lies almost immediately 
under the skin. Transverse fractures of the body of this bone produce 
results similar to those of the body of the under jaw; the upper incisor 
