48 
CHOICE OF FORCEPS. 
incisors of the lower jaw (fig. 25). Forceps for the upper molars require 
wider jaws or removable joints. The limbs of the molar forceps must be very 
long. In using them force has to be exerted in two ways—firstly, to grasp 
the tooth, and secondly, to remove it. Attempts have therefore been frequently 
made to assist the operator by special arrangements in the forceps. The 
simplest addition is an S-shaped hook, but as this must he provided of many 
different sizes, it is not very practical. Wendenberg fixed to one leg of the 
forceps an iron chain, with links perforated with holes, so that after placing 
one leg of the forceps in position these could be pushed over the other limb. 
Fig. 20.—Gunther’s Fig. 21. —Giinther’s Fig. 22.—Giinther’s Fig. 23. Gunther’s 
forceps for upper forceps for lower exporteur. beaked forceps, 
molars. molars. 
Gowing constructed forceps operated by a screw, like Plasse’s. These arrange¬ 
ments are, however, too complicated and difficult to handle. 
It is to be hoped that some device will yet be discovered to replace or assist 
the excessive exertion of power required. Up to the present, however, none 
of the discoveries tending to this object can be described as practical. 
Frick and Hauptner have lately constructed forceps in which the power 
required for gripping the tooth is furnished by a screw. This instrument has 
the further advantage that it can be used either as a first or second class lever 
forceps. Fig. 26 shows its construction. The two limbs are turned on their 
long axis by the screw at the end, and the mouth of the forceps thus closed. 
