WOUNDS OF THE ALiE OF THE NOSTRILS. 
59 
in current literature are only large exostoses developed on teeth in 
consequence of alveolar periostitis. 
Dental cysts, found in the most varying positions in the animal body, 
are due to aberrant portions of the foetal paradental epithelium and are 
dealt with elsewhere. Williams, after trephining a horse’s right superior 
maxillary sinus for an apparent tumour growth, found in its interior 
several hundred rudimentary teeth. The growth had extended into 
the mouth. 
III.—DISEASES OF THE NOSE, NOSTRILS, AND THE 
SPACES COMMUNICATING WITH THEM. 
(1.) WOUNDS OF THE XLM OF THE NOSTRILS. 
These occur most frequently in horses, which, when rapidly moving 
the head, may chance to catch the nostrils on such objects as hooks 01 
nails. Sometimes they result from bites from other horses. Some 
savage tribes slit the false nostril, thinking to assist breathing. Injuries 
to the nose are less frequent in other animals. Though they generally 
take the form of torn wounds, they heal steadily and quickly owing to 
the abundant connective tissue in their neighbourhood, but imme¬ 
diately the cartilaginous portions of the nose are injured, healing becomes 
difficult. Inflammation of the cartilage is apt to result, causing chronic 
inflammation, thickening, or even fistula formation. In this way stenosis 
of the nostrils may be produced and the breathing affected. 
Treatment of fresh wounds, especially of the nasal cartilage, should 
aim at healing by first intention. The parts must be cleansed, the 
edges of the wounds freshened and disinfected, and hi ought together 
with pin sutures, so as to lie firmly in apposition. The wound should 
then be painted with collodion or wound gelatine, and the horse put on 
the pillar reins to prevent its rubbing out the stitches. In woiking- 
horses small flaps of skin may simply be cut off. Healing is usually so 
perfect that neither the area of the nostril, and consequently the 
breathing, nor even the horse’s appearance suffers, beciosis of the 
nasal cartilage is serious and may continue for months. The fistula 
should be laid open and the parts frequently dressed with disinfectants, 
if necessary with chloride of zinc or nitrate of silver or even touched with 
the actual cautery. 
(2.) FRACTURE OF THE NASAL BONES. 
In horses these fractures generally result from the animal running away, 
and the nose being brought in collision with some hard object. Falls, 
