NECROSIS OF THE TURBINATED BONES. 
bad shown an offensive nasal discharge, found the mucous membiane 
was thickened, and the surface of the ethmoid cells necrotic. The bony 
plates had broken down, forming a grey, grumous material. Mbllei has 
seen two cases caused by disease of the upper molars, and Iiohnei 
published three of a similar kind. For a very full description of this 
condition see Cadiot and Dollar’s “ Clinical Veterinary Medicine and 
Surgery,” pp. 15 et seq. 
Sand describes a peculiar disease of the turbinated and neighbouring bones 
which he terms mucous degeneration (schleim-degeneration), lhe disease 
was seen oftenest in foals, and was distinguished by dyspnoea, swelling oi the 
bones of the face, and a muco-serous discharge. The post-mortem showed 
Fra. 50.—Necrosis of the turbinated bones. 
the bones of the face to be much thinned, partly perforated, and the sinuses 
of the head greatly dilated. The remains of bone structure m the turbinated 
bones could only be recognised microscopically ; the latter appearing to be 
almost transformed into a mucoid tissue. The walls of the superior maxil ary 
and frontal sinuses showed the same changes, and the cavities themselves 
were greatly increased in size. Their contents were sometimes purulent, 
sometimes muco-serous. 
The early symptoms consist of a stinking discharge from one nostril, 
snoring breathing, and diminution in the stream of air of the affected 
side. At a later stage the nasal bones become swollen, and not 
unfrequently the thickening in the turbinated bone can be directly 
seen, or felt by the finger. As swelling of the pharyngeal . glands 
is usually present, the condition is sometimes difficult to distinguish 
from nasal polypus, and is occasionally only recognised exactly after 
trephining. 
Treatment. Trephining the nasal cavity and removal of the diseased 
turbinated bone is the only method likely to prove successful. 
Cadiot and Dollar describe removal of the posterior (maxillary) turbinated 
bone (p 317 of “ Clinical Veterinary Medicine and Surgery ). llie left 
nasal cavity was trephined, an incision about * of an inch long being 
