76 WOUNDS AND INJURIES OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS. 
of tow saturated with turpentine, and injected turpentine into the nostril 
with success. The cause must be removed. 
Vapour of vinegar, recommended by some authorities, has been 
declared useless by others. Although fatal bleeding has been repeatedly 
observed in horses, the flow usually ceases when the animal is kept 
quiet, and when haemorrhage has lowered blood pressure. The head 
should be kept elevated. 
IY.—DISEASES OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS. 
(1.) WOUNDS AND INJURIES OF THE SALIVARY 
GLANDS. 
Owing to the position of the parotid it suffers from external injuries 
more frequently than the other salivary glands. As long as important 
blood-vessels are not injured, wounds of this gland are not particularly 
serious. If proper treatment be adopted at once, even the danger of 
salivary fistulae is not great. The injuries most to be feared are those 
in which the ducts of the gland, and especially Stenson s duct, are 
injured. In sheep and dogs Stenson’s duct passes obliquely across the 
cheek, while in horses and cattle it lies protected below the jaw, and 
hence is less exposed to external wounds. The duct is more frequently 
injured by sharp objects. The condition may be recognised by the posi¬ 
tion of the wound, and the outflow of clear saliva, the secretion of 
which is increased by feeding, and even by the sight of food. In many 
cases the wounds heal completely ; in others a small opening is left from 
which saliva discharges (salivary fistula). To avoid this result, healing 
by first intention must be sought for ; the flow of blood checked, the 
wound carefully cleansed and sutured : during twenty-four to forty-eight 
hours the animal should receive no food, and should be placed by itself 
in order that the secretion of saliva be not excited by the feeding of its 
fellows. Small doses of atropine may also be given, which check or 
altogether stop salivary secretion. Further treatment must be based on 
the general principles of surgery. 
(2.) INFLAMMATION OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS 
(PAROTITIS). 
The salivary glands at times become the seat of inflammation. The 
parotid is most frequently affected, the submaxillary and sublingual 
only occasionally. I oreign bodies obtaining access to the glands may 
produce inflammation. But many cases result from causes not clearly 
recognised, some of them apparently of an infectious nature. They 
