INFLAMMATION OF THF JUGULAR VEIN. 
159 
jugular usually be grazed, as from its depressed position the head swells 
owing to interference with the returning blood stream. 
Treatment. From prophylactic considerations it is desirable after 
blood-letting to rest the animal, and avoid any pressure on the vein, 
especially helow the wound, hence for twenty-four hours the collar must 
not be worn. Moreover, everything likely to produce extravasation 
must be avoided, and the fleam or lancet never applied twice at the same 
spot. Where the wound has not closed after removal of the pin, it 
should be washed with sublimate or carbolic solution, to prevent 
decomposition of the extravasated blood. Once the vein is thrombosed, 
it cannot again be rendered patent, nor can septic change often be 
prevented. Further mischief may sometimes be checked by repeated 
disinfection of the skin wound and of the extravasation with the above- 
named or similar antiseptics. Should inflammatory reaction or swelling 
become very marked, moist warmth will remove tension and pain, and 
infriction with unguentum hydrargyri may be found useful. In apply¬ 
ing the ointment severe pressure and rubbing must be avoided, lest the 
thrombus be broken and emboli set free. x\bscesses should be opened, 
and free exit given to secretions by increasing the size of the skin wound. 
In France a seton is passed through the vein. Under certain circum¬ 
stances, as when severe bleeding occurs repeatedly, it may be advisable 
to ligature the vessel below, and if the thrombus does not extend too far 
upwards, it may also be ligatured above. The operation is performed 
according to general principles, the vessel divided between the points of 
ligation and removed. If it has been ligatured above the diseased point, 
the isolated section of the vein can be completely laid open. French 
surgeons often remove the degenerated portion of the vein, but in cases 
of suppuration Cadiot prefers free drainage. For some days after 
ligation the animal must be kept perfectly quiet, while, to avoid bleeding, 
only fluid nourishment should be given. Schley recommends washing 
the vein out with sublimate solution. 
In removing the diseased portion of vein a ligature must fiist be 
applied above and below. The vein is then divided transversely at the 
upper end, and completely separated from neighbouring structures. No 
danger results if the wound be treated as an open one, but caie is 
required to avoid injuring the carotid, and, therefore, the knife should 
be sparingly used, and the fingers or blunt end of the scissois used m 
preference. Sometimes the vein tears cleanly away from surrounding- 
tissues if moderate traction be exercised. 
Several cases were successfully treated by laying open the sinuous 
wound and dressing with iodine solution, succeeded on subsequent days 
by carbolic or creolin lotions. (Cadiot and Dollar, ‘‘Clinical Veterinary 
Medicine and Surgery,” p. 341.) 
